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HA198 mutations in H9N2 avian influenza: molecular dynamics insights into receptor binding.
Front Vet Sci
January 2025
Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
Introduction: The H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely disseminated in poultry and poses a zoonotic threat, despite vaccination efforts. Mutations at residue 198 of hemagglutinin (HA) are critical for antigenic variation and receptor-binding specificity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the molecular mechanisms by which mutations at the HA 198 site affect the antigenicity, receptor specificity, and binding affinity of the H9N2 virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious alpha-herpes virus. The diagnosis of chickenpox remains a difficult task especially in cases of breakthrough chickenpox, so the development of reliable laboratory tests is necessary. The simplest and most sensitive serological test for detecting antibodies in human and animal sera is the passive hemagglutination reaction (PHAR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombination Adjuvants Enhance Recombinant H5 Hemagglutinin Vaccine Protection Against High-Dose Viral Challenge in Chickens.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Background: Recombinant avian influenza subunit vaccines often require adjuvants to enhance immune responses. This study aims to evaluate the immune-enhancing potential of seven combination adjuvants in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.
Methods: SPF chickens were vaccinated with combinations of ISA78VG and adjuvants, including Quil-A, CpG, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA).
Newcastle Disease Vaccination Program in Broilers Using an Apathogenic Heat-Resistant Vaccine.
Arch Razi Inst
June 2024
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Newcastle disease (ND) is among the most common and deadliest poultry diseases worldwide. Thermostable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines have been widely used to protect village chickens against ND due to their decreased dependence on cold chains for transport and storage. The NDV4 Heat-Resistant (NDV4HR) vaccine is an apathogenic, heat-resistant, live vaccine that can induce immunity in chickens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunogenicity of Inactivated H5 Avian Influenza Vaccine Used in Commercial Laying Pullet in Tehran Province, Iran.
Arch Razi Inst
June 2024
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a viral disease caused by some H5 and H7 subtypes of influenza virus type A in most species of birds, especially poultry. HPAI viruses are among the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. Consequently, various strategies, such as the use of vaccines have been proposed to control the disease.
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