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Compilation of Evidence Supporting the Role of a T Helper 2 Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Acute Appendicitis.
Int J Mol Sci
April 2024
Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal.
Despite being the most common abdominal surgical emergency, the cause of acute appendicitis (AA) remains unclear, since in recent decades little progress has been made regarding its etiology. Obstruction of the appendicular lumen has been traditionally presented as the initial event of AA; however, this is often the exception rather than the rule, as experimental data suggest that obstruction is not an important causal factor in AA, despite possibly occurring as a consequence of the inflammatory process. Type I hypersensitivity reaction has been extensively studied, involving Th2 lymphocytes, and cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which have well-defined functions, such as a positive-feedback effect on Th0 for differentiating into Th2 cells, recruitment of eosinophils and the release of eosinophilic proteins and the production of IgE with the activation of mast cells, with the release of proteins from their granules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTryptase in Acute Appendicitis: Unveiling Allergic Connections through Compelling Evidence.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2024
Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the role of allergic components in acute appendicitis (AA) and focuses specifically on mast cells and their mediators, particularly tryptase, histamine, and serotonin, in appendicular lavage fluid (ALF) and serum.
- - A total of 46 patients with varying types of AA were analyzed, revealing that tryptase levels in ALF were significantly elevated compared to a control group, with phlegmonous AA showing much higher levels than gangrenous AA.
- - Although serum tryptase had good potential as a diagnostic tool for AA, its effectiveness was weak for distinguishing between types of AA. The study suggests that future research should look into other factors since histamine and serotonin levels
Lack of Routine Postoperative Labs Not Associated With Complications in Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis.
J Surg Res
March 2024
Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address:
Introduction: Postoperative (postop) management of pediatric perforated appendicitis varies significantly, and postop intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA) remain a significant issue. Between 2019 and 2020, our standardized protocol included routine postop labs after an appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. However, given the lack of predictive utility of these routine labs, we discontinued this practice in 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEosinophil Granule Proteins Involvement in Acute Appendicitis-An Allergic Disease?
Int J Mol Sci
May 2023
Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal.
Several pieces of evidence point to an allergic component as a trigger of acute appendicitis. As the Th2 immune response is characterized by eosinophil mobilization to the target organ and release of their cationic granule proteins, it is reasonable to investigate if the degranulation of eosinophils could be associated with the local injury. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the participation of eosinophils granules proteins in acute appendicitis, both at local and systemic levels and the secondary aim is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of eosinophils granules proteins for the detection of acute appendicitis, as well as for distinguishing between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis.
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