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The effects of cell displacement on DNA damages in targeted radiation therapy using Geant4-DNA.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Guilan, Namjoo Avenue, P.O. Box 41635 - 1914, Rasht, 4193833697, Iran.
Charged particle radiation can, directly and indirectly, affect cells by breaking DNA strands. This effect includes DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), which may cause cell death and mitotic failure. Thus, using short-range charged particles such as Auger electrons (AEs) not only leads to the destruction of the target cell but also prevents the nearby healthy cells from exposing to ionizing radiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOld Passengers as New Drivers: Chromosomal Passenger Proteins Engage in Translesion Synthesis.
Cells
October 2024
Institute for Molecular Biology II, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Survivin plays a crucial role in inhibiting apoptosis and aiding mitotic progression, as well as contributing to therapy resistance through its involvement in the DNA damage response.
- Recent research shows that ionizing radiation increases Survivin levels, leading to its accumulation in specific nuclear areas associated with DNA replication, and depletion of Survivin enhances DNA damage markers, suggesting a role in DNA repair.
- The study uncovers a relationship between Survivin and chromosomal passenger complex proteins in facilitating damage-induced replication stress management, highlighting the potential for these proteins to influence tumorigenesis due to their overexpression in cancers.
The Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC) Components and Its Associated Pathways Are Promising Candidates to Differentiate Between Normosensitive and Radiosensitive ATM-Mutated Cells.
Biomark Insights
October 2024
Section Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection/Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
Background: Sensitivity to ionizing radiation differs between individuals, but there is a limited understanding of the biological mechanisms that account for these variations. One example of such mechanisms are the mutations in the ATM (mutated ataxia telangiectasia) gene, that cause the rare recessively inherited disease Ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Hallmark features include chromosomal instability and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChromosomal instability increases radiation sensitivity.
bioRxiv
September 2024
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Continuous chromosome missegregation, or chromosomal instability (CIN), is common in cancer and can lead to cell death if levels exceed a certain threshold.* -
- Cancer cells with higher CIN show increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation, as seen in both HPV-positive and negative head and neck cancer models, and laryngeal tumors with high CIN respond better to radiation therapy.* -
- Docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug, enhances radiation sensitivity through CIN by creating abnormal cell division (multipolar spindles), challenging previous assumptions about its mechanism and highlighting CIN as a potential biomarker for radiation response in cancer treatment.*
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Attenuates Ionizing Radiation-induced Centrosome Overduplication and Multipolar Cell Division in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Radiat Res
October 2024
Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
Centrosomes are important organelles for cell division and genome stability. Ionizing radiation exposure efficiently induces centrosome overduplication via the disconnection of the cell and centrosome duplication cycles. Over duplicated centrosomes cause mitotic catastrophe or chromosome aberrations, leading to cell death or tumorigenesis.
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