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Evidence in Lager Yeasts of β-Lyase Activity Breaking Down γ-GluCys-Conjugates More Efficiently Than Cys-Conjugates to Odorant Beer Polyfunctional Thiols.
Molecules
January 2025
Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2 Box L7.05.07, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
The prevalence of glutathionylated (G-) precursors of polyfunctional thiols (PFTs) over their free forms has prompted investigating how to optimize the enzymatic breakdown of these precursors with yeast during lager, ale, and non-alcoholic/low-alcoholic beer (NABLAB) fermentation trials. Some yeasts have been selected for their higher β-lyase activity on the cysteinylated (Cys-) conjugates (up to 0.54% for SafAle K-97), yet some strains and one maltose-negative var.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFα-N-Methyltransferase regiospecificity is mediated by proximal, redundant enzyme-substrate interactions.
Protein Sci
February 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
N-Methylation of the peptide backbone confers pharmacologically beneficial characteristics to peptides that include greater membrane permeability and resistance to proteolytic degradation. The borosin family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides offer a post-translational route to install amide backbone α-N-methylations. Previous work has elucidated the substrate scope and engineering potential of two examples of type I borosins, which feature autocatalytic precursors that encode N-methyltransferases that methylate their own C-termini in trans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecific sets of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases and phytoene synthases control the production of carotenoids and ABA in different tomato tissues.
Physiol Plant
January 2025
Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.
Plant carotenoids are plastid-synthesized isoprenoids with roles as photoprotectants, pigments, and precursors of bioactive molecules such as the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The first step of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is the production of phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY). GGPP produced by plastidial GGPP synthases (GGPPS) is channeled to the carotenoid pathway by direct interaction of GGPPS and PSY enzymes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe mosquito evolves two types of prophenoloxidases with diversified functions.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan Province Key Laboratory of One Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
Insect phenoloxidase, presented as an inactive precursor prophenoloxidase (PPO) in hemolymph, catalyzes melanin formation, which is involved in wound healing, pathogen killing, reversible oxygen collection during insect respiration, and cuticle and eggshell formation. Mosquitoes possess 9 to 16 PPO members across different genera, a number that is more than that found in other dipteran insects. However, the reasons for the redundancy of these PPOs and whether they have distinct biochemical properties and physiological functions remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFailure to repair damaged NAD(P)H blocks de novo serine synthesis in human cells.
Cell Mol Biol Lett
January 2025
Enzymology and Metabolism Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
Background: Metabolism is error prone. For instance, the reduced forms of the central metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), can be converted into redox-inactive products, NADHX and NADPHX, through enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous hydration. The metabolite repair enzymes NAXD and NAXE convert these damaged compounds back to the functional NAD(P)H cofactors.
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