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Relationship between ethinylestradiol-mediated changes in endocrine function and reproductive impairment in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).
Environ Toxicol Chem
February 2005
Environmental Toxicology Research Program, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
Many biochemical endpoints currently are used to describe endocrine function in fish; however, the sensitivity of these parameters as biomarkers of impaired reproduction or sexual development is not well understood. In the present study, adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were assessed for reproductive output and endocrine function, including circulating steroid concentrations, ex vivo steroidogenesis from the gonads, aromatase activity, hepatic estrogen receptor (ER), and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) after exposure to 0, 0.2, 5, 500, and 2,000 ng/L of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE) for 14 d.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanism of action of gestagens.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet
June 1990
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
In the mid-1950s it was shown that ovulation can be inhibited by oral administration of progesterone or of synthetic progestogens such as norethynodrel. The idea that progestogens may interfere with fertility even when administered in doses so small, that they do not invariably inhibit ovulation was launched in the mid-1960s by a group of Mexican investigators. Since then a large number of studies have been conducted on the mechanism of action of gestagens when used as contraceptives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral contraceptives: significance of their effects in man and relationship to findings in animal models.
Toxicol Pathol
October 1989
University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick 08903-0019.
Combination oral contraceptives have been available since 1960. They contain both an estrogen and a progestogen and have been studied extensively in both lower animals and humans and have been the subject of special regulatory requirements for toxicological and clinical studies. The initial oral contraceptives, by today's standards, contained very high levels of both hormones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanisms of physiological and pharmacological sex hormone action on the mammalian liver.
J Steroid Biochem
February 1988
Inst. für Physiol. Chemie, Universitätsklinikum-Essen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Androgen and oestrogen receptors have been demonstrated in mammalian liver, but since it is generally accepted that they are probably non-functional at endogenous steroid concentrations, it is not apparent how they mediate physiological influences on this organ. Nor is it certain to what extent pharmacological actions of sex hormones reflect overstimulation of physiological routes or whether alternative mechanisms become available once threshold values have been reached. In this presentation an attempt has been made to answer some of these questions using data obtained from a study of the regulation of the activities of microsomal 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSDH) and 5 alpha-reductase in rat liver.
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