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Virulence and pathogenicity of group B : Virulence factors and their roles in perinatal infection.
Virulence
December 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
This review summarizes key virulence factors associated with group B (GBS), a significant pathogen particularly affecting pregnant women, fetuses, and infants. Beginning with an introduction to the historical transition of GBS from a zoonotic pathogen to a prominent cause of human infections, particularly in the perinatal period, the review describes major disease manifestations caused by GBS, including sepsis, meningitis, chorioamnionitis, pneumonia, and others, linking each to specific virulence mechanisms. A detailed exploration of the genetic basis for GBS pathogenicity follows, emphasizing the roles of capsules in pathogenesis and immune evasion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFibrinogen: a new player and target on the formation of pre-metastatic niche in tumor metastasis.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA. Electronic address:
Tumor metastasis involves a series of complex and coordinated processes, which is the main cause of patient death and still a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Pre-metastatic niches (PMN), a specialized microenvironment that develops in distant organs prior to the arrival of metastatic cancer cells, plays a crucial role in driving tumor metastasis. The development of PMN depends on a complex series of cellular and molecular components including tumor-derived factors, bone marrow-derived cells, resident immune cells, and extracellular matrix.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To describe the clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of dogs with nodular splenic lesions composed of heterogeneous cell components associated with systemic inflammation and to provide information on the outcome after surgical resection.
Materials And Methods: Medical records were searched for dogs with histologically and immunohistochemically characterised nodular splenic lesions with mixed stromal, histiocytic and lymphoid cells and the presence of systemic inflammatory markers at the time of diagnosis.
Results: Four dogs were included, of which three had an undifferentiated splenic stromal sarcoma and one had a splenic leiomyosarcoma.
INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO AND ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME DO NOT PREDICT PLASMA TRANSFUSION IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.
Arq Bras Cir Dig
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
Background: Blood loss during liver transplantation (LT) remains a major concern associated with increased morbidity and reduced patient and graft survival. The high complexity of the procedure associated with the multifaceted origin of the bleeding urges early identification of high-risk patients and proper monitoring of hemostasis disorders in order to improve results. The accuracy of international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to evaluate coagulation status in cirrhotic patients has been doubted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplex Pattern of Platelet Activation/Reactivity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Hemostasis and Hemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
COVID-19 and post-COVID (long COVID) are associated with thromboembolic complications; however, it is still not clear whether platelets play a leading role in this phenomenon. The platelet hyperreactivity could result from the direct interaction between platelets and viral elements or the response to inflammatory and prothrombotic factors released from blood and vessel cells following infection. The existing literature does not provide clear-cut answers, as the results determining platelet status vary according to methodology.
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