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Simultaneous Emergent Phenomena: Leadership and Team Synchrony.
Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci
January 2025
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI.
Emergent phenomena exhibit interesting dynamics when considered individually. The present article examines two emergent processes that could be occurring simultaneously in an intense team interaction: the emergence of leaders and the emergence of autonomic synchrony within teams making dynamic decisions. In the framework of panarchy theory and related studies on complex systems, autonomic synchrony would be a fast dynamic that is shaped or controlled by leadership emergence, which is a slower dynamic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluence of acute respiratory diseases on hemodynamic in school-age children.
Wiad Lek
December 2024
BUKOVINIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHERNIVTSI, UKRAINE.
Objective: Aim: To assess changes of blood pressure and central hemodynamic in children with acute respiratory diseases.
Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: A total of 40 children aged 10-12 years with community acquired pneumonia and acute bronchitis in the period of early recovery were enrolled in the study with data comparing with control group of 30 healthy children. The hemodynamic parameters included blood pressure and calculation of systolic and minute blood output volumes.
Rebound effect, discontinuation, and withdrawal syndromes associated with drugs used in psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Pharmacol Rep
December 2024
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland.
Sudden cessation of the drug can cause withdrawal syndrome, discontinuation syndrome, or rebound effect. The common feature of these phenomena is a quick onset, usually limited duration depending on the drug's half-life and remission after restarting the therapy. They are characterized by varying clusters of somatic, autonomic, and psychiatric symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of pain expectancy and its confidence in placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia.
Pain
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
Placebo hypoalgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia, which exemplify the impact of expectations on pain, have recently been conceptualised as Bayesian inferential processes, yet empirical evidence remains limited. Here, we explore whether these phenomena can be unified within the same Bayesian framework by testing the predictive role of expectations and their level of precision (ie, expectation confidence) on pain, with both predictors measured at the metacognitive level. Sixty healthy volunteers underwent a pain test (ie, 8 noxious electrical stimuli) before (Baseline) and after (T0, T1, T2) receiving a sham treatment associated with hypoalgesic (placebo), hyperalgesic (nocebo), or neutral (control) verbal suggestions, depending on group allocation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocardiology: Major mechanisms and effects.
J Electrocardiol
January 2025
Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America.
Neurocardiology is a broad interdisciplinary specialty investigating how the cardiovascular and nervous systems interact. In this brief introductory review, we describe several key aspects of this interaction with specific attention to cardiovascular effects. The review introduces basic anatomy and discusses physiological mechanisms and effects that play crucial roles in the interaction of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, namely: the cardiac neuraxis, the taxonomy of the nervous system, integration of sensory input in the brainstem, influences of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on heart and vasculature, the neural pathways and functioning of the arterial baroreflex, receptors and ANS effects in the walls of blood vessels, receptors and ANS effects in excitable cells in the heart, ANS effects on heart rate and sympathovagal balance, endo-epicardial inhomogeneity, ANS effects with a balanced vagal and sympathetic stimulation, sympathovagal interaction, arterial baroreflex, baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability, arrhythmias and the arterial baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary baroreflex, the exercise pressor reflex, exercise-recovery hysteresis, mental stress, cardiac-cardiac reflexes, the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR), and neuromodulation.
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