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Wood-loving magic mushrooms from Australia are saprotrophic invaders in the Northern Hemisphere.
Fungal Syst Evol
December 2024
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Magic mushrooms are fungi that produce psilocybin, an entheogen with long-term cultural use and a breakthrough compound for treatment of mental health disorders. Fungal populations separated by geography are candidates for allopatric speciation, yet species connectivity typically persists because there is minimal divergence at functional parts of mating compatibility genes. We studied whether connectivity is maintained across populations of a widespread species complex of magic mushrooms that has infiltrated the Northern Hemisphere from a hypothesised centre of origin in Australasia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes-part I: mean effects on various performance measures.
Front Physiol
January 2025
Internet Society for Sport Science, Auckland, New Zealand.
Introduction: Meta-analysts have found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance, but limited evidence exists regarding its effects on highly trained athletes, measures beyond maximum oxygen uptake ( O), and the moderating effects of different types of HIIT. In this study, we present meta-analyses of the effects of HIIT focusing on these deficits.
Methods: The effects of 6 types of HIIT and other moderators were derived from 34 studies involving highly trained endurance and elite athletes in percent units via log-transformation from separate meta-regression mixed models for sprint, time-trial, aerobic/anaerobic threshold, peak speed/power, repeated-sprint ability, O, and exercise economy.
Hosts can reduce the negative fitness effects of parasite infection by avoiding contact with parasites or by resisting infection after contact. Because of their shared outcome, avoidance and resistance have been hypothesized to trade off with one another. Assuming these defenses carry fitness costs, hosts are expected to have high levels of one defense or the other, but not both.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemperature drives ectothermic host - parasite interactions, making them particularly sensitive to climatic variation and change. To isolate the role of temperature, lab-based studies are increasingly used to assess and forecast disease risk under current and future climate conditions. However, in the field, the effects of temperature on parasitism may be mediated by other sources of variation, including local adaptation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntimate Partner Violence and Subsequent Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.
Brain Behav
January 2025
Brain Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression are global health concerns with high prevalence rates and substantial negative impacts on individuals and the wider community. Women are particularly vulnerable to both IPV victimization and depressive disorders, and both are recognized worldwide as priorities for women's health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether recent longitudinal empirical evidence supports exposure to IPV as a contributing factor to the subsequent onset of depression in women.
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