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Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine irAEs, can occur in response to cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Of the endocrine irAEs, pituitary and thyroid irAEs are most frequently observed, followed by primary adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoparathyroidism. Notably, pituitary irAEs and type 1 diabetes mellitus can be lethal if overlooked, potentially leading to adrenal crisis and diabetic ketoacidosis, respectively.

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Adverse early-life experiences alter the regulation of major stress systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Low early-life maternal care (MC) has repeatedly been related to blunted cortisol stress responses. Likewise, an acutely increased awareness of mortality (mortality salience [MS]) also has been shown to blunt cortisol responses.

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[Extramedullary hematopoiesis, a rare complication of sickle cell disease: A six-case series and literature review].

Rev Med Interne

January 2025

Service de médecine interne, centre national de référence des syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs de l'adulte, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U1163, laboratoire « Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires des désordres hématologiques et implications thérapeutiques », institut Imagine, université Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de santé, université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is very rarely described during sickle cell disease (SCD). Our aim was to describe six cases of EMH occurring in adult SCD patients and to conduct a literature review.

Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, and monocentric study, identifying all cases of EMH recorded in our cohort of adult SCD patients, up to April 2024.

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Safety of steroids in severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Eur Respir Rev

January 2025

Hospital Clínic, Cellex Laboratory, CIBERES (Center for Networked Biomedical Research Respiratory Diseases, 06/06/0028), FCRB-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

The systemic use of corticosteroids for patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) remains controversial in clinical practice, particularly in terms of the safety profile of these drugs. This narrative review aims to analyse the available literature data concerning the safety of short-term steroid use in the treatment of sCAP, while also highlighting potential future research directions. Several trials and meta-analyses have evaluated corticosteroid therapy as an adjuvant treatment for sCAP, yielding heterogeneous results regarding its efficacy and safety.

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Background/aims: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management guidelines have increasingly emphasised the importance of exacerbation prevention, and the role of blood eosinophil count (BEC) as a biomarker for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) response. This study aimed to describe the distribution and stability of BEC and understand real-world treatment patterns among COPD patients in South Korea.

Methods: This was a retrospective database analysis using data obtained from the KOrea COPD Subgroup Study (KOCOSS) registry between January 2012 and August 2018.

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