Alkylation of tryptophan occurred during the synthesis of a 19-amino acid peptide of the following sequence: Tyr Ala Ala Gln Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Asp Leu Leu Phe Trp Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu. Alkylation was found to occur during cleavage of the peptide from the solid support under acidic conditions in the presence of Tmob, which is used for protecting glutamine and asparagine. Presence of alkylated tryptophan was confirmed by mass spectrometry, HPLC and amino acid sequence analyses.
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Food Res Int
February 2025
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Solar and indoor withering in the manufacturing process of semi-fermented oolong tea are crucial for aroma formation. While the processes have been established through accumulated experience, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study identified pairs of gene and volatile organic compound (VOC) that were significantly correlated and up-regulated during solar withering and the first shaking, including lipoxygenase 8 (LOX8) with 3-hexenyl iso-butyrate, terpene synthase 2 (TPS2) with β-ocimene and linalool, as well as tryptophan synthase β-subunit 2 (TSB2) with indole.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Inf Model
January 2025
Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
Tryptophan participates in important life activities and is involved in various metabolic processes. The indole and aromatic binuclear ring structure in tryptophan can engage in diverse interactions, including π-π, π-alkyl, hydrogen bonding, cation-π, and CH-π interactions with other side chains and protein targets. These interactions offer extensive opportunities for drug development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University 310030 Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China.
Sulfonium is an electrophilic and biocompatible group that is widely applied in synthetic chemistry on small molecules. However, there have been few developments of peptide or protein-based sulfonium tools. We recently reported sulfonium-mediated tryptophan crosslinking and developed NleSme2 (norleucine-dimethylsulfonium) peptides as dimethyllysine mimics that crosslink site-specific methyllysine readers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioorg Med Chem
February 2025
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China. Electronic address:
Arginine methylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates epigenetics and pre-mRNA splicing. Similar to lysine methylation, reader proteins that bind site-specific modified proteins are key mediators for arginine methylation functions. Some arginine methylation has been shown significant functions from phenotype, but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive, probably due to lack of identification of the readers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Res Ther
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6211 LK, the Netherlands.
Background: Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been linked to alterations in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. However, no studies to date have systematically explored changes in the TRP pathway at both transcriptional and epigenetic levels. This study aimed to investigate transcriptomic, DNA methylomic (5mC) and hydroxymethylomic (5hmC) changes within genes involved in the TRP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pathways in AD, using three independent cohorts.
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