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Determination of endogenous GHB in ante-mortem whole blood, urine, and oral fluid by LC-MS/MS: The effect of different additives and storage conditions on the stability of GHB in blood.
Forensic Sci Int
December 2024
Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
Article Synopsis
- This study aimed to develop a method for detecting γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in human blood, urine, and oral fluid while accounting for its naturally occurring presence and potential in vitro production after sampling.
- Researchers validated an LC-MS/MS method with a low limit of quantification (0.005 µg/mL in blood and 0.010 µg/mL in urine/oral fluid), achieving high extraction recovery rates and minimal bias.
- Stability tests showed that GHB concentrations change over time in different blood preservatives, indicating that current detection cut-off levels for GHB might need to be adjusted, especially for samples stored at -20°C.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to investigate lung tissue changes in rats after administering baclofen, focusing on the expression of genes related to apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2) in different lung cell types.
- Twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups, with varying observation times after receiving baclofen, to assess the corresponding histological and gene expression effects.
- Results showed significant lung damage, including vascular issues and emphysema, peaking at 24 hours, with varying levels of Bax and Bcl-2 expression that indicated a dynamic response to baclofen administration.
Ligand-induced CaMKIIα hub Trp403 flip, hub domain stacking, and modulation of kinase activity.
Protein Sci
October 2024
Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) analogs are small molecules that bind competitively to a specific cavity in the oligomeric CaMKIIα hub domain. Binding affects conformation and stability of the hub domain, which may explain the neuroprotective action of some of these compounds. Here, we describe molecular details of interaction of the larger-type GHB analog 2-(6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-2-yl)acetic acid (PIPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle hair analysis for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid-Method optimization, validation, and application.
Drug Test Anal
March 2024
Forensic Toxicological Center (FTC) Munich, Munich, Germany.
As gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) underlies fast metabolization, its determination from hair may presumably offer a detection window superior to that of body fluids. Due to the wide range of endogenous concentration levels, the evidence of an exogenous ingestion is challenging. As already shown for other drugs, the temporal resolution obtained by applying single hair microanalysis provides further information.
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