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The measurement of selected norepinephrine metabolites, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylenglycol (MHPG), and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), in biological matrices-including urine-is of great clinical importance for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. This fact has forced researchers to evaluate new analytical methodologies for their isolation and preconcentration from biological samples. In this study, the three most popular extraction techniques-liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a new 3D-printed system for dispersive solid-phase extraction (3D-DSPE)-were investigated.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to improve the efficiency of measuring neurotransmitter metabolites (5-HIAA, VMA, and HVA) in urine, which are crucial for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors, through automation.
  • The method involved using automated supported liquid extraction (SLE) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for accurate measurement and analysis of these metabolites.
  • Results showed high recovery rates and successful validation across various performance criteria, with automation leading to significant time savings in the process.
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Rapid and sensitive detection of vanillylmandelic acid based on a luminescent fourteen-metal Tb(III) planar nanocluster.

Chem Commun (Camb)

November 2024

College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, College of life and environmental science, Wenzhou University, Key Lab of Biohealth Materials and Chemistry of Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325035, China.

A 14-metal Tb(III) nanocluster with four CO anions as templates was constructed for the quantitative and qualitative detection of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The luminescence response time to VMA is less than ten seconds, and the limit of detection is as low as 0.32 nM in CHCN.

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CE-UV method for the determination of catecholamine metabolites from baby pee-covered diapers.

J Chromatogr A

November 2024

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Research Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland. Electronic address:

A method has been developed for the analysis of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from baby urine as biomarkers of neuroblastoma in infants. Disposable diapers were employed as sampling devices in order to guarantee a low invasiveness during this step. The proposed method consists on a simple extraction step with water from the used diaper followed by the measurement using capillary electrophoresis with UV detection.

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Etched-suppressed gold nanorods providing highly distinctive plasmonic patterns: Towards multiplex analysis of neuroblastoma biomarkers.

Anal Chim Acta

October 2024

Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 111559516, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9516, Iran. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • On-site monitoring of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and dopamine (DA) is crucial for diagnosing neurological disorders, highlighting the need for non-toxic and reliable colorimetric sensors.
  • This study introduces a new multi-colorimetric probe using gold nanorods that can effectively identify and differentiate between VMA, HVA, DA, and their mixtures through controlled etching with N-bromosuccinimide.
  • The probe, enhanced with machine learning techniques for classification and quantification, demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy, successfully detecting VMA:HVA in human urine.
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