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Unlabelled: Stress affects gastrointestinal (GI) function causing dysmotility, especially in patients. GI motility is regulated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), suggesting that stress alters ENS biology to cause dysmotility. While stress increases glucocorticoid levels through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, how glucocorticoids affect GI motility is not known.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponse to induction chemotherapy modifies the effect of conventional prognostic factors in high-risk neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.
EJC Paediatr Oncol
December 2024
Dana-Farber / Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Response to induction chemotherapy has been shown to predict outcome in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB), with those achieving a complete response (CR) having superior outcomes.
Methods: We evaluated whether conventional prognostic factors remain prognostic in subsets of patients defined by response to induction. 1244 Patients from four COG high-risk trials were included.
The immune-inflammatory responses on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the neurovascular unit in perioperative neurocognitive disorder.
Exp Neurol
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) refer to a wide spectrum of cognitive impairment persisting days to even after a year postoperative with significant morbidity and mortality. However, despite much efforts involving perioperative managements, PNDs are still prevalent with no standard preventative and therapeutic strategy. To overcome PNDs, a better understanding of pathophysiology of PNDs is crucial and a large number of studies have proven that immune-inflammatory responses from surgical stress are involved in the abnormal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and destabilization of neurovascular unit (NVU) that lead to PNDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhat is the relationship between exposure to environmental pollutants and severe mental disorders? A systematic review on shared biological pathways.
Brain Behav Immun Health
February 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
Severe mental disorders are multi-dimensional constructs, resulting from the interaction of genetic, biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Among the latter, pollution and climate change are frequently being considered in the etiopathogenesis of severe mental disorders. This systematic review aims to investigate the biological mechanisms behind the relationship between environmental pollutants, climate change, and mental disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLandscape of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: From Bedside to Bench, Past to Present.
Neurogastroenterol Motil
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Investigations into mechanisms of cyclic(al) vomiting syndrome (CVS) began at the bedside more than a century ago. The modern era started with the formation of the Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Association in 1993 that helped initiate robust efforts in education, advocacy, family physician conferences, scientific symposia, dedicated clinical programs, therapeutic guidelines, and research. Even today, bedside clues continue to emerge with the recent description of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and subsequent evidence of a perturbed endocannabinoid system.
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