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[Role of sympatho-adrenomedullar system in adaptation to cold].
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova
February 2015
It was persuasively shown that norepinephrine released from sympathetic nervous endings plays an important role in the adaptation to cold and epinephrine secreted by adrenal medulla. After acclimatization calorigenic effect of norepinephrine is enhanced. Catecholamines stimulate nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and apparently in white adipose tissue and in skeletal muscles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPituitary and autonomic responses to cold exposures in man.
Acta Physiol Scand
August 2005
Department of Physiology and Centre for Arctic Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulun yliopisto, Finland.
This review presents hormonal responses to various cold exposures and their calorigenic effects in man and some animals. Previous studies in rats have shown that cold exposures activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Increased thyroid hormone concentrations lead to heat production via general stimulation of metabolism (obligatory thermogenesis) and possibly via activation of thyroid hormone receptors and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1) and deiodinase enzyme genes in the brown adipose tissue (BAT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Coupling of cardiac output or systemic O2 transport and metabolism during catecholamine therapy].
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther
February 2001
Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
Catecholamines increase cardiac output (CO) and thus systemic oxygen delivery, but they also increase the tissue's oxygen demand (thermogenic or calorigenic effect). Therefore, it is of particular interest for the choice of a catecholamine as to what extent CO is increased in relation to oxygen demand (VO2), because the tissue's oxygen balance is improved only if CO and thus oxygen delivery increases more than oxygen demand. For this purpose we reviewed the literature and analysed the relation between CO and VO2 during physiological as well as during pathological conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCalorigenic response of burned rats with adrenal medullectomies to catecholamines.
J Burn Care Rehabil
May 1998
Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Campus, Little Rock, USA.
In previous studies, we established that circulating epinephrine (E) is not essential for a normal hypermetabolic response to burn injury in the rat, within the zone of thermal neutrality. In other studies, burned rats with adrenal medullectomy (AdxB) studied at 22 degrees C were unable to maintain rectal temperature (TR) after alpha-adrenergic blockage. These data suggest that norepinephrine (NE) is calorigenic in such animals without formal cold acclimation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential effects of growth hormone and prednisolone on energy metabolism and leptin levels in humans.
Metabolism
January 1998
Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), the Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Short-term growth hormone (GH) exposure has been shown to stimulate energy expenditure (EE) without concomitant changes in body composition. To what extent this is related to thyroid function, sympathetic activity, hyperinsulinemia, or leptin secretion is unknown. It is also unknown whether the calorigenic effect of GH is influenced by glucocorticoids, which are known to antagonize the anabolic actions of GH.
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