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Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous estrogens in women.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
September 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Estrogens regulate important processes in reproductive, skeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems that impact women's overall health. Understanding endogenous and exogenously administered estrogen metabolism is vital to determining therapeutic estrogen levels. The present review provides an overview of estrogen metabolites formed in non-pregnant and pregnant women, and those resulting from exogenous estrogen administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA robust multi-residue method for the monitoring of 25 endocrine disruptors at ultra-trace levels in surface waters by SPE-LC-MS/MS.
Anal Methods
June 2023
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Article Synopsis
- * A new highly sensitive analytical method has been developed to quantify 25 of these harmful substances in water, using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for detection.
- * Testing on Slovenian water samples found high levels of several contaminants, including estrone and ethinylestradiol, indicating the need for ongoing surveillance of these pollutants to protect ecosystems and human health.
Estrogen pollution of the European aquatic environment: A critical review.
Water Res
February 2023
Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland.
Among the plethora of chemicals released into the environment, much attention is paid to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Natural estrogens, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) are excreted by humans as well as animals, and can enter the environment as a result of discharging domestic sewage and animal waste. These compounds can cause deleterious effects such as feminization, infertility and hermaphroditism in organisms that inhabit water bodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigation of free and conjugated estrogen fate and emission coefficients in three duck farms.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2023
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
Concentration animal feeding operation (CAFO) is an important source of environmental estrogen. However, to the best of our knowledge, the data on estrogen discharge during duck breeding and growth is insufficient. This study used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to analyze the free and conjugated estrogen concentrations in the surface water, outlet water, groundwater, and duck manure/soil mixture at three duck farms in Taiwan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwelve natural estrogens in urines of six threatened or endangered mammalian species in Zoo Park: implications and their potential risk.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
July 2022
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
This work was the first to report twelve natural estrogens (NEs) in the urines of six threatened or endangered mammalians in a Zoo Park of Guangzhou (i.e., panda, gorilla, elephant, African lion, jaguar, and leopard).
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