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PPAR agonists for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases: Over a decade of clinical progress.
Hepatol Commun
January 2025
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are liver diseases that damage bile ducts, leading to bile accumulation, liver injury, and increased risk of liver failure; current treatments are limited, especially for PSC.
- Ursodeoxycholic acid is the first-line treatment for PBC, but many patients do not respond fully, indicating a need for better therapies; pruritus (itching) is a common and severe symptom due to cholestasis that is often inadequately treated.
- The review examines the use of PPAR agonists, a type of medication that targets liver metabolism, as potential second-line treatments for PBC and PSC, highlighting recent FDA approvals for
Discovery and Characterization of Chitin Synthase Inhibitors with Novel Mechanism for Control of .
J Agric Food Chem
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
, a highly destructive global pest, infests a wide range of plant species, including crucial food crops and ornamental plants. Effective control methods for this pest remain limited. Chitin synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of chitin, which is essential for the growth and development of arthropods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntricate Structure-Function Relationships: The Case of the HtrA Family Proteins from Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
Proteolytic enzymes play key roles in living organisms. Because of their potentially destructive action of degrading other proteins, their activity must be very tightly controlled. The evolutionarily conserved proteins of the HtrA family are an excellent example illustrating strategies for regulating enzymatic activity, enabling protease activation in response to an appropriate signal, and protecting against uncontrolled proteolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPyrroloquinoline quinone exhibiting peroxidase-mimicking property for colorimetric assays.
Anal Chim Acta
January 2025
Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China. Electronic address:
Background: Small molecule mimics offer the advantages of easy preparation, good thermodynamic stability, and reproducible catalytic activity. However, most of the reported organic artificial mimics face challenges including low catalytic activity, oxidative self-destruction, and auto-aggregation into inactive dimers. Therefore, novel organic mimics with high catalytic activity as well as good thermal and environmental stability are highly desirable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of GABA in type 1 diabetes.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized from glutamate by glutamic decarboxylase (GAD). The entero-pancreatic biology of GABA, which is produced by pancreatic islets, GAD-expressing microbiota, enteric immune cells, or ingested through diet, supports an essential physiologic role of GABA in the health and disease. Outside the central nervous system (CNS), GABA is uniquely concentrated in pancreatic β-cells.
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