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Molecular Epidemiology, Transmission, and Evolution of Rubella Virus Circulating in Tianjin, China, Between 2009 and 2020.
J Med Virol
December 2024
Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Microbiology, Tianjin, China.
Rubella is listed as a disease that needs to be eliminated worldwide by the World Health Organization. This study aimed to investigate rubella epidemiology and genetic characteristics based on data from 12 years of laboratory-based surveillance (2009-2020) in Tianjin and to provide baseline genotype data for monitoring future rubella control efforts. We collected RV-positive throat swab samples from confirmed rubella cases during 2009-2020 in Tianjin to isolate RV, amplify and sequence target gene fragments, construct phylogenetic trees, and analyze nucleotide homologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructure-based design of glycoprotein subunit vaccines for mumps.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
November 2024
Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers developed a new subunit vaccine using a stabilized mumps fusion glycoprotein (Pre-F) and a chimeric immunogen, which showed strong immune responses in mice against various mumps genotypes.
- * The study identified specific antibodies against the Pre-F and hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN), which could neutralize the virus effectively, suggesting these new immunogens could enhance existing vaccine-induced immunity or serve as improved vaccine options.
Detection of live attenuated measles virus in the respiratory tract following subcutaneous MMR Vaccination.
J Infect Dis
November 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A., 06520.
The live attenuated measles vaccine is extremely effective in preventing measles and induces mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract, however the mechanism is not known. We show that live attenuated measles virus (LAMV) RNA is frequently detected in the respiratory tract 7-21 days after subcutaneous measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in healthy children (n = 5/20) and macaques (n = 6/8). Replicating LAMV was isolated from the lungs of 2 macaques, with no evidence of transmission to unvaccinated individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolated Fetal Liver Calcifications: Case Report and Literature Review.
J Clin Ultrasound
October 2024
Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- - Fetal liver calcifications (FLCs) are areas of increased echogenicity in the fetal liver, occurring in about 5-10 per 10,000 births, and while often associated with various health issues, isolated cases typically have a good prognosis.
- - The article discusses a case of a 29-year-old woman with a normal first-trimester screening who later showed FLCs during her 20-week scan without any other fetal problems.
- - After thorough monitoring and testing throughout her pregnancy, she delivered a healthy male baby, and subsequent evaluations confirmed his good health, highlighting the positive outcomes related to isolated FLCs.
Foraging bee species differentially prioritize quantity and quality of floral rewards.
PNAS Nexus
October 2024
Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Pollinator-plant interactions represent a core mutualism that underpins biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems, and the loss of flowering plants is a major driver of pollinator declines. Bee attraction to flowers is mediated by both quantity of resources (the number of available flowers for exploration) and quality of resources (pollen nutritional value), but whether and how bees prioritize these factors is not well understood. Here, we leveraged a unique plant system to investigate the floral factors influencing bee foraging decisions.
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