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A first morphological and electrophysiological characterization of Fañanas cells of the mouse cerebellum.
J Physiol
January 2025
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France.
Fañanas cells (FCs) are cerebellar glia of unknown function. First described more than a century ago, they have been almost absent from the scientific literature ever since. Here, we combined whole-cell, patch clamp recordings, near-UV laser photolysis, dye-loading and confocal imaging for a first characterization of FCs in terms of their morphology, electrophysiology and glutamate-evoked currents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of cell membrane fragments containing muscle type nAChR from Tetronarce californica after preparation using high pressure homogenization.
Toxicol Lett
January 2025
Bundeswehr Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, Munich 80937, Germany. Electronic address:
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) commonly used as a model for receptors belonging to the Cys-loop superfamily. Members of pLGICs are standardly used in numerous toxicological investigations e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdaptive sampling-based structural prediction reveals opening of a GABA receptor through the αβ interface.
Sci Adv
January 2025
SciLifeLab, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodävagen 23, Solna, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system with largely inhibitory function. Despite being a target for drugs including general anesthetics and benzodiazepines, experimental structures have yet to capture an open state of classical synaptic α1β2γ2 GABA receptors. Here, we use a goal-oriented adaptive sampling strategy in molecular dynamics simulations followed by Markov state modeling to capture an energetically stable putative open state of the receptor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential effects of structurally different lysophosphatidylethanolamine species on proliferation and differentiation in pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a bioactive lipid mediator involved in diverse cellular functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of three LPE species, 1-palmitoyl LPE (16:0 LPE), 1-stearoyl LPE (18:0 LPE), and 1-oleoyl LPE (18:1 LPE) on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. All LPE species stimulated cell proliferation and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudies of methylated CpG ODN from subsp. in a murine model: Implications for treatment of human allergic disease.
Allergy Asthma Proc
January 2025
From the Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the most effective immunologic form of treatment for patients with atopic allergic diseases commonly used by allergist/immunologists to reduce allergic symptoms by gradually desensitizing the immune system to specific allergens. Currently, the primary mechanism of AIT emphasizes the crucial role of immune regulation, which involves a shift from a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell response, which promotes allergy, to a T-regulatory (Treg) cell population, which inhibits the allergic inflammatory response through the production of immunosuppressive cytokines interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, which play pivotal roles in suppressing the allergic reaction. In a series of previous in vitro and in vivo experiments, we have demonstrated the capacity of synthetic methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) moieties as well as methylated genomic DNA ODN motifs from Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis to activate Treg cell differentiation in contrast to the unmethylated ODN moiety, which promotes proinflammatory responses driven by Th17-mediated responses.
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