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Analysis of polio vaccination status in a cohort of live births in 2017 and 2018 in Brazilian cities: a national vaccination coverage survey.
Epidemiol Serv Saude
January 2025
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Objective: To describe the polio vaccination status in 26 state capitals, the Federal District, and 12 municipalities in Brazil, among children born between 2017 and 2018.
Methods: This was a population-based household survey conducted from 2020 to 2022, which assessed polio vaccination coverage in children, considering valid, administered, and timely doses by municipality.
Results: Data were collected from 37,801 children.
Adult vaccination in India: A rapid review of current status & implementation challenges.
Indian J Med Res
December 2024
Department of Library, ICMR-National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Background & objectives The expanded programme on immunization launched in India in 1978, with its focus on preventing six diseases in children (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, typhoid, and childhood tuberculosis), was widened in its scope in 1985-86. This new avtaar, the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), incorporated measles vaccine for children and rubella and adult diphtheria vaccines for pregnant women. We conducted this rapid review on adult immunization relevant for India, as recent COVID-19 experience revealed how newly emergent or re-emergent pathogens could have their onslaughts on the elderly and adults with comorbidities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT-cell responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant among unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women living with and without HIV in South Africa.
Sci Rep
September 2024
South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women, specifically focusing on unvaccinated Black African women living with HIV (WLWH) and HIV-uninfected women.
- Researchers analyzed T-cell responses to both the original strain of the virus and the Omicron variant, finding similar responses in both groups.
- Results indicate that T-cell immunity is maintained across different virus strains, emphasizing that both WLWH and HIV-uninfected pregnant women show comparable immune responses to previous infections.
Evaluation of interventions to improve timely hepatitis B birth dose vaccination among infants and maternal tetanus vaccination among pregnant women in Nigeria.
Vaccine
October 2024
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Background: Nigeria has the largest number of children infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally and has not yet achieved maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination. In Nigeria, maternal tetanus diphtheria (Td) vaccination is part of antenatal care and hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination for newborns has been offered since 2004. We implemented interventions targeting healthcare workers (HCWs), community volunteers, and pregnant women attending antenatal care with the goal of improving timely (within 24 hours) HepB-BD vaccination among newborns and Td vaccination coverage among pregnant women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Fc-Mediated Functions Are Associated With Protection Against Influenza Illness After Seasonal Influenza Vaccination.
J Infect Dis
December 2024
South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background: Future vaccine candidates aim to elicit antibodies against the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain. Understanding the protective mechanism of these antibodies, which mediate broad neutralization and Fc-mediated functions, following seasonal vaccination is critical.
Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from pregnant women with or without HIV-1 enrolled in a randomised trial (138 trivalent inactivated vaccine [TIV] and 145 placebo recipients).
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