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Background: Posterior intercostal lymph nodes, previously undescribed for cancer staging, are part of the lymphatic drainage of the pleural space. This study assessed the impact of posterior intercostal lymph nodes on survival in patients undergoing extended pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Methods: As part of the thoracic lymphadenectomy, posterior intercostal lymph nodes were accessed by incising the endothoracic fascia at the level of the rib heads.

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Background: Pulmonary and mediastinal paragangliomas are rare tumors that may have neuroendocrine activity or be non-functional, incidental, in asymptomatic patients, or causing mass effect symptoms. Although being low-grade tumors, they can display an aggressive behaviour, developing local infiltration and distant metastases. We report our experience with three endothoracic paragangliomas and a Literature review, to point out diagnostic difficulties and problems related to surgical treatment.

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Background: Surgeries for symptomatic thoracic disk herniations (TDH) remain challenging.

Objective: A mini-open lateral retropleural approach is described and the clinical outcomes are reported.

Materials And Methods: A total of 23 patients underwent mini-open lateral retropleural diskectomy.

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Background: An extrapleural hematoma (EH) is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening condition defined as the accumulation of blood in the extrapleural space between the parietal pleura and the endothoracic fascia. EH usually occurs after blunt thoracic trauma causing fractures of the sternum and ribs, which can tear the intercostal or internal mammary vessels. Typical radiological findings of EH are a biconvex opacity on the involved hemithorax and the so-called displaced "extrapleural fat sign.

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Background: The incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) has recently declined, but late cases are increasingly reported in lung transplant recipients.

Objectives: We present our experience with PTLD after lung transplantation, attempting to examine the distinguishing characteristics of early versus late cases.

Methods: We have reviewed clinical and pathological data of all cases occurring in our institution between 2001 and 2014.

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