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Progress in antileishmanial drugs: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
January 2025
Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites, continues to pose global health challenges. Current treatments face issues like resistance, safety, efficacy, and cost. This review covers the discovery, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and limitations of key antileishmanial agents: pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisease-Specific Differences in Pharmacokinetics of Paromomycin and Miltefosine Between Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients in Eastern Africa.
J Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Treatment regimens for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) are usually extrapolated from those for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), but drug pharmacokinetics (PK) can differ due to disease-specific variations in absorption, distribution, and elimination. This study characterized PK differences in paromomycin and miltefosine between 109 PKDL and 264 VL patients from Eastern Africa. VL patients showed 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCutaneous infections in the United States: defining strains through endemic human pediatric cases in northern Texas.
mSphere
March 2024
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Unlabelled: Over a 6-month span, three patients under 5 years old with cutaneous leishmaniasis presented to the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center/Children's Health Dallas. None had traveled outside of northern Texas/southern Oklahoma; all had infections confirmed by PCR. We provide case descriptions and images to increase the awareness of this disease among United States (US) physicians and scientists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver a six-month span, three patients under five years old with cutaneous leishmaniasis presented to the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center/Children's Health Dallas. None had traveled outside of the United States (US); all had confirmed infections by PCR. We provide case descriptions and images to increase the awareness of this disease among US physicians and scientists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation pharmacokinetics of a combination of miltefosine and paromomycin in Eastern African children and adults with visceral leishmaniasis.
J Antimicrob Chemother
November 2023
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Objectives: To improve visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment in Eastern Africa, 14- and 28-day combination regimens of paromomycin plus allometrically dosed miltefosine were evaluated. As the majority of patients affected by VL are children, adequate paediatric exposure to miltefosine and paromomycin is key to ensuring good treatment response.
Methods: Pharmacokinetic data were collected in a multicentre randomized controlled trial in VL patients from Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda.
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