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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use in Fat Embolism Syndrome: Current Perspectives and Clinical Insights (A 20-Year Review).
J Clin Med
February 2025
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt.
: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare but serious complication that may arise after long bone fractures, characterized by fat globules entering the bloodstream and causing multi-organ dysfunction, particularly respiratory failure. While initial treatment focuses on supportive care including oxygen therapy, fluid management, and hemodynamic stabilization, severe cases may require advanced life support, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of ECMO in managing severe cases of FES with refractory hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability by analyzing patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy-sponsored International Workshop Report on Endocrine and Bone Issues in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An Ever-changing Landscape.
J Neuromuscul Dis
February 2025
Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy (PPMD), Washington, DC, USA.
In April 2023, over 30 experts and advocates from four countries met in Rome, Italy to discuss unmet needs in endocrine and bone health care for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Despite recent advances in muscle-targeted therapy, long-term glucocorticoids (GC) remain the backbone of treatment for the foreseeable future. This affirms the need to intensify efforts that will mitigate serious complications of GC therapy, including unexpected mortality due to fat embolism syndrome following bone injury and also unrecognized adrenal suppression, early loss of ambulation linked to excess weight and/or fragility fracture, adverse cardiometabolic effects of GC, the psychosocial impact of profound growth and pubertal delay/hypogonadism, and the burden to families arising from monitoring and treating endocrine and skeletal complications of GC therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFat embolism syndrome following cosmetic breast reduction liposuction.
BMJ Case Rep
December 2024
Internal Medicine, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that is primarily associated with long bone fractures, although cases have been reported following soft tissue trauma and cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction. The diagnosis of FES relies on clinical features with no specific laboratory or imaging findings. We present a case of FES in an otherwise healthy man presenting to the emergency room for evaluation of tachycardia, hypoxia and drowsiness on postoperative day 1 following breast reduction liposuction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncidence, Potential Mechanisms, and Clinical Significance of Cavernous Sinus Air Sign.
Diagnostics (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, #126-1, 5-Ka Anam-dong, Sungbuk ku, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
The cavernous sinus air sign, historically linked to trauma or venous sinus thrombosis, has recently been reported in association with retrograde venous air embolism, often without clinical significance. Despite this, its exact prevalence, etiology, and clinical relevance remain unclear. This study aims to systematically evaluate the incidence of the cavernous sinus air sign in patients undergoing CT angiography (CTA) and to assess its potential clinical implications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtheroembolic Kidney Disease and Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Kidney Blood Press Res
March 2025
Department of Public Health, Chair of Nephrology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Introduction: Atheroembolic kidney disease (AEKD) is an under-recognized cause of kidney failure, secondary to the obstruction of the renal artery and/or its branches due to the rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque in patients treated with surgical and invasive cardiovascular procedures. The embolization of cholesterol crystals in the renal artery activates the complement and triggers an inflammatory reaction. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by the hyperactivation of the alternative complement pathway, leading to a prothrombotic and proinflammatory state on the endothelial surface.
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