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Time cells in the retrosplenial cortex.
Hippocampus
November 2024
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is a key component of the brain's memory systems, with anatomical connections to the hippocampus, anterior thalamus, and entorhinal cortex. This circuit has been implicated in episodic memory and many of these structures have been shown to encode temporal information, which is critical for episodic memory. For example, hippocampal time cells reliably fire during specific segments of time during a delay period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial neural networks for model identification and parameter estimation in computational cognitive models.
PLoS Comput Biol
May 2024
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Computational cognitive models have been used extensively to formalize cognitive processes. Model parameters offer a simple way to quantify individual differences in how humans process information. Similarly, model comparison allows researchers to identify which theories, embedded in different models, provide the best accounts of the data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGestational choline supplementation ameliorates T-maze reversal learning deficits induced by first trimester binge alcohol exposure in weanling lambs.
Alcohol
March 2024
Department of Psychology, LD 124, 402 N. Blackford Street; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46077.
In rodent models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), cognitive deficits are implicated in impaired T-maze spatial reversal learning. Rat studies have indicated supplemental administration of choline during the developmental period of alcohol exposure can ameliorate spatial reversal deficits. This study tested whether beneficial effects of prenatal choline supplementation could be confirmed in a sheep model of binge exposure in the first trimester equivalent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInstrumental successive negative contrast in rats: Trial distribution, reward magnitude, and prefrontal cortex activation.
Physiol Behav
May 2024
Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428-Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Lavalle 2353, 1052-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Successive negative contrast (SNC) has been used to study reward relativity, reward loss, and frustration for decades. In instrumental SNC (iSNC), the anticipatory performance of animals downshifted from a large reward to a small reward is compared to that of animals always reinforced with the small reward. iSNC involves a transient deterioration of anticipatory behavior in downshifted animals compared to unshifted controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiving time a chance in the midsession reversal task.
Learn Behav
September 2024
William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
The midsession reversal task involves a simultaneous discrimination between stimuli S1 and S2. Choice of S1 but not S2 is reinforced during the first 40 trials, and choice of S2 but not S1 is reinforced during the last 40 trials. Trials are separated by a constant intertrial interval (ITI).
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