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Synergetic effect of fungal pretreatment and lignin modification on delignification and saccharification: a case study of a natural lignin mutant in mulberry.
Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod
January 2025
Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
Background: Fungal pretreatment for partial separation of lignocellulosic components may reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance during the production of biofuels and biochemicals. Quantitative and qualitative modification of plant lignin through genetic engineering or traditional breeding may also reduce the recalcitrance. This study was conducted to examine the effects of combining these two approaches using three white rot fungi and mulberry wood with an altered lignin structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProjection-targeted photopharmacology reveals distinct anxiolytic roles for presynaptic mGluR2 in prefrontal- and insula-amygdala synapses.
Neuron
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address:
Dissecting how membrane receptors regulate neural circuits is critical for deciphering principles of neuromodulation and mechanisms of drug action. Here, we use a battery of optical approaches to determine how presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) controls anxiety-related behavior in mice. Using projection-specific photopharmacological activation, we find that mGluR2-mediated presynaptic inhibition of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-BLA, but not posterior insular cortex (pIC)-BLA, connections produces a long-lasting decrease in spatial avoidance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocognitive performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry
January 2025
New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia Psychiatry, USA; Columbia Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, USA.
Background: Cross-sectional studies have reported neurocognitive performance deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly on tasks assessing response inhibition and proactive control over stimulus-driven behaviors (task control). However, it is not clear whether these deficits represent trait-like markers of OCD or are state-dependent.
Methods: This study examined performance on two neurocognitive tasks in OCD patients (N = 26) before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and matched healthy controls (HCs, N = 19).
Determination of Reactive Dyes in Coloring Foodstuff, Fruit Juice Concentrates, and Meat Products by Reductive Azo-Bond Cleavage and LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis.
J Agric Food Chem
January 2025
Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
Visually appealing foods are often associated by consumers with subjective quality features, such as freshness, palatability, and shelf life. In the past, there have been repeated violations in which regulations on the use of pigments in food were ignored and/or unauthorized or toxic dyes (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptically Transparent Carbon Electrodes for Single Entity Electrochemistry.
ACS Electrochem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
We demonstrate the application and benefit of optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCEs) for single entity nanoelectrochemistry. OTCEs are prepared by pyrolyzing thin photoresist films on fused quartz coverslips to create conductive, transparent, thin films. Optical, electrical, topographical, and electrochemical properties of OTCEs are characterized to evaluate their suitability for single entity electrochemistry.
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