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Comparative pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in healthy young-adult and geriatric horses.
Am J Vet Res
August 2024
Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Environmental and Population Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, MA.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of aging on phenylbutazone (PBZ) disposition in older horses (≥ 25 years old) compared to young adults (4 to 10 years old) by characterizing the pharmacokinetic profile of PBZ and its active metabolite, oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ), following a 2.2-mg/kg dose, IV. We hypothesized that the disposition of PBZ will be affected by age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhenylbutazone concentrations in synovial fluid following administration via intravenous regional limb perfusion in the forelimbs of six adult horses.
Front Vet Sci
August 2023
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
Background: Pain management is critical to equine welfare with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) commonly used in horses. However, systemic NSAID use is limited by harmful gastrointestinal and renal side effects. Intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) is a technique used in horses that produces high, local antibiotic concentrations while limiting systemic circulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNearly all of the American horses exported to Mexico and Canada are slaughtered for human consumption, and their meat is either exported around the world or consumed locally. Previous work showed that 18 Thoroughbred racehorses purchased by rescues that would have otherwise been sold for export for the sole purpose of slaughter to produce meat for human consumption were administered phenylbutazone. We report the number of American horses exported to Canada and Mexico from 2016 to 2021, the presence of contaminated horsemeat from Canadian slaughterhouses, and the human use and idiosyncratic effects of veterinary phenylbutazone and side effects of clenbuterol, 2 of the drugs that were found in contaminated Canadian horsemeat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Model for the Severity Prediction of Drug-Induced Rhabdomyolysis by Using Random Forest.
Chem Res Toxicol
February 2021
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis (DIR) is a rare and potentially life-threatening muscle injury that is characterized by low incidence and high risk. To our best knowledge, the performance of the current predictive models for the early detection of DIR is suboptimal because of the scarcity and dispersion of DIR cases. Therefore, on the basis of the curated drug information from the Drug-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Atlas (DIRA) database, we proposed a random forest (RF) model to predict the DIR severity of the marketed drugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification and characterization of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone, in horses.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther
January 2021
K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
The in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone have been extensively characterized; however, there are no published reports describing the in vitro metabolism, specifically the enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of these compounds in horses. Due to their widespread use and, therefore, increased potential for drug-drug interactions and widespread differences in drug disposition, this study aims to build on the limited current knowledge regarding P450-mediated metabolism in horses. Drugs were incubated with equine liver microsomes and a panel of recombinant equine P450s.
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