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Tumor cells upregulate neurotransmitter GABA in the choroid plexus through STAT6-Bestrophin1 signaling, promoting leptomeningeal dissemination.
Neuro Oncol
January 2025
Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California.
Background: Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) occurs when tumor cells interact with choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) to gain access to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's meninges and ventricular system. This disease is particularly devastating for patients due to our limited understanding and few therapeutic options. The leptomeningeal CSF is a nutritionally deprived microenvironment for tumor cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Melanomatosis Leading to Raised Intracranial Pressure in a Pediatric Patient.
Clin Case Rep
February 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellent, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
A critical clinical consideration, in addition to other common risk factors predisposing individuals to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), involves the potential co-occurrence of increased intracranial pressure and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels in the presence of underlying malignancies. Primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanomatosis, an exceptionally rare condition with few reported cases in the pediatric population, illustrates this scenario. Timely decision-making based on clinical suspicion to perform a biopsy and involving a skilled pathologist for accurate reporting are essential steps toward achieving a definitive diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly Outcomes from Proton Craniospinal Irradiation for Leptomeningeal Metastasis From Solid Tumors.
Adv Radiat Oncol
February 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
Purpose: Treatment options for leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) are limited. A recent phase 2 study found that proton craniospinal irradiation (pCSI) was well-tolerated and improved survival. We report our experience with pCSI for solid-tumor LM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors.
Children (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Background: Intracranial choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and primarily affect young children. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has been reported not only in high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) but also in lower histological grades; however, a systematic evaluation of CPT-specific imaging characteristics remains lacking.
Methods: We analyzed the imaging characteristics of LMD in a single-center pediatric cohort of 22 CPT patients (thirteen choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), six atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP), three CPC), comparing LMD features with those of the primary tumor.
Rare Neoplastic Meningitis in Cerebellar Medulloblastoma Detected by PET/CT.
Clin Nucl Med
January 2025
From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Neoplastic meningitis, also known as leptomeningeal metastases, is a rare clinical entity seen in less than 1%-2% of primary nervous system tumors. Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases is difficult and is achieved by cytologic evidence of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid, or demonstration of radiologic abnormality. 18F-FDG PET/CT can detect leptomeningeal metastases before anatomical changes.
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