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Surgical Management of Hip Pain in Active Patients With Early Osteoarthritis: Navigating the Choice Between Hip Preservation and Arthroplasty.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg
December 2024
From the American Hip Institute Research Foundation (McCarroll and KuhnsDomb), Chicago, IL, and the American Hip Institute (KuhnsDomb), Chicago, IL.
Hip pain in active patients with early osteoarthritis can be quite debilitating, affecting mobility, quality of life, and overall well-being. Management of this patient population is challenging because arthroplasty implants inevitably have limited life expectancy while chondral damage can mitigate the benefits of arthroscopic or open hip preservation. A multifaceted, patient-specific approach to clinical decision making is crucial in this patient population, given their higher activity level and expectations compared with older cohorts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth provider perspectives on establishing service linkages for treatment and follow-up from an Australian, web-based STI testing service: a qualitative study.
Sex Health
January 2025
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
Background Web-based, testing for sexually transmitted infections (STI) is becoming increasingly available. However, treatment pathways from web-based services are often not well-coordinated, contributing to treatment delays and access gaps. This study investigated clinician perspectives on building service linkages with a new, web-based, STI testing service in Victoria, Australia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative cardiometabolic safety and effectiveness of aripiprazole in people with severe mental illness: A target trial emulation.
PLoS Med
January 2025
Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: There is limited and conflicting evidence on the comparative cardiometabolic safety and effectiveness of aripiprazole in the management of severe mental illness. We investigated the hypothesis that aripiprazole has a favourable cardiometabolic profile, but similar effectiveness when compared to olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone.
Methods And Findings: We conducted an observational emulation of a head-to-head trial of aripiprazole versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in UK primary care using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Basal ganglia components have distinct computational roles in decision-making dynamics under conflict and uncertainty.
PLoS Biol
January 2025
Carney Institute for Brain Science, Department of Cognitive & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
The basal ganglia (BG) play a key role in decision-making, preventing impulsive actions in some contexts while facilitating fast adaptations in others. The specific contributions of different BG structures to this nuanced behavior remain unclear, particularly under varying situations of noisy and conflicting information that necessitate ongoing adjustments in the balance between speed and accuracy. Theoretical accounts suggest that dynamic regulation of the amount of evidence required to commit to a decision (a dynamic "decision boundary") may be necessary to meet these competing demands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMulti-level encoding of reward, effort, and choice across the frontal cortex and basal ganglia during cost-benefit decision-making.
Cell Rep
January 2025
Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:
Adaptive value-guided decision-making requires weighing up the costs and benefits of pursuing an available opportunity. Though neurons across frontal cortical-basal ganglia circuits have been repeatedly shown to represent decision-related parameters, it is unclear whether and how this information is coordinated. To address this question, we performed large-scale single-unit recordings simultaneously across 5 medial/orbital frontal and basal ganglia regions as rats decided whether to pursue varying reward payoffs available at different effort costs.
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