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Use of and Steering to Pharmacies Owned by Insurers and Pharmacy Benefit Managers in Medicare.
JAMA Health Forum
January 2025
Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
Importance: The prevalence of pharmacies owned by integrated insurers and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), or insurer-PBMs, is of growing regulatory concern. However, little is known about the role of these pharmacies in Medicare, in which pharmacy network protections may influence market dynamics.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of insurer-PBM-owned pharmacies and the extent to which insurer-PBMs steer patients to pharmacies they own in Medicare.
Kuanxiong Aerosol Attenuates Ischemic Stroke Injury via Modulation of the TRPV1 Channel.
Chin J Integr Med
January 2025
Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KXA) on ischemic stroke with reperfusion and elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.
Methods: In vivo pharmacological effects on ischemic stroke with reperfusion was evaluated using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) mice model. To evaluate short-term outcome, 30 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group (n=15) and KXA group (n=15).
A Consistent Lack of Consistency: Definitions, Evidentiary Expectations and Potential Use of Meaningful Change Data in Clinical Outcome Assessments Across Stakeholders. Results from a DIA Working Group Literature Review and Survey.
Ther Innov Regul Sci
January 2025
Bayer US LLC, Whippany, NJ, USA.
Background: Clinical outcome assessments (COAs) measure how patients feel or function and can be used to understand which patients experience benefits of treatment and which do not. Interpretation of COA data is influenced by how meaningful change is defined. We aimed to compare how different stakeholders define, assess, and use meaningful change for decisions that impact patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovascular magnetic resonance-estimated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, congestion markers, and effect of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and dysglycaemia (SUGAR-DM-HF).
Eur J Heart Fail
January 2025
School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Aims: A cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) approach to non-invasively estimate left ventricular (LV) filling pressure was recently developed and shown to correlate with invasively measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). We examined the association between CMR-estimated PCWP (CMR-PCWP) and other imaging and biomarker measures of congestion, and the effect of empagliflozin on these, in the SUGAR-DM-HF trial (NCT03485092).
Methods And Results: SUGAR-DM-HF enrolled 105 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes who were randomly assigned to empagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily for 36 weeks.
L-type Calcium Channel Blockade Worsens Glucose Tolerance and β-Cell Function in C57BL6/J Mice Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami Florida.
Intermittent hypoxemia (IH), a pathophysiologic consequence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), adversely affects insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker frequently used for treatment of hypertension, can also impair insulin sensitivity and secretion. However, the cumulative and interactive repercussions of IH and nifedipine on glucose homeostasis have not been previously investigated.
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