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Gonadotropin surge-inhibiting/attenuating factors: a review of current evidence, potential applications, and future directions for research.
Mol Reprod Dev
January 2015
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, New York.
Animal studies in the 1980s suggested the existence of an ovarian hormone, termed gonadotropin surge-inhibiting/attenuating factor (GnSIF/AF), that modulates pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Given the importance of identifying regulatory factors of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the accumulating data suggesting its existence, we conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase to identify articles related to GnSIF/AF. The search generated 161 publications, of which 97 were included in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKisspeptin signaling is indispensable for neurokinin B, but not glutamate, stimulation of gonadotropin secretion in mice.
Endocrinology
January 2012
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Kisspeptins (Kp), products of the Kiss1 gene that act via Gpr54 to potently stimulate GnRH secretion, operate as mediators of other regulatory signals of the gonadotropic axis. Mouse models of Gpr54 and/or Kiss1 inactivation have been used to address the contribution of Kp in the central control of gonadotropin secretion; yet, phenotypic and hormonal differences have been detected among the transgenic lines available. We report here a series of neuroendocrine analyses in male mice of a novel Gpr54 knockout (KO) model, generated by heterozygous crossing of a loxP-Gpr54/Protamine-Cre double mutant line.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of a melatonin-free pineal extract, two pineal fractions, obtained by ultrafiltration one above, the other under 10,000 daltons molecular weight, melatonin and the partly purified gonadotropin inhibiting urinary substance (GIS) on the serum and testicular sialic acid, testicular nucleic acids and proteins in the rat under basal conditions and after stimulation with exogeonus HCG, was investigated. Under basal condition the pineal extract induced a statistically significant decrease in serum and testicular sialic acid after 3 and 12 days of treatment. The effect of the extract on the sialic acid was also present under the action of the two fractions after a 12-day treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdministration of the partially purified urinary gonadotropin inhibiting substance (GIS) to the rat induced the following effects on prolactin: a) under basal conditions, 4 hrs after a single dose, or after 3 days of treatment, serum prolactin decreased by 36%, 35% respectively (p less than 0.05) and was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in pituitary content and concentration of this substance; b) under endogenous stimulation (castration) the 49% (p less than 0.05) decrease in serum prolactin was associated with a decrease to the limit of statistical significance of its pituitary content and concentration; c) under exogenous stimulation with TRH, the significant decrease in serum prolactin was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in its pituitary content and concentration.
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