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Y-linked Mendelian inheritance of giant and dwarf male morphs in shell-brooding cichlids.
Proc Biol Sci
November 2014
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, Hinterkappelen 3032, Switzerland
Behavioural variation among conspecifics is typically contingent on individual state or environmental conditions. Sex-specific genetic polymorphisms are enigmatic because they lack conditionality, and genes causing adaptive trait variation in one sex may reduce Darwinian fitness in the other. One way to avoid such genetic antagonism is to control sex-specific traits by inheritance via sex chromosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of heavy metals on embryonic development of fish (a review).
Fish Physiol Biochem
November 2009
Department of Animal Physiology, University of Podlasie, Prusa 12, 08110, Siedlce, Poland.
Early developmental stages of fish are particularly sensitive to water pollution. Heavy metals may affect various developmental processes during the embryonic period, which results in a reduction of offspring quantity and quality. Waterborne metals may accumulate in the gonads of spawners and adversely affect gamete production and viability, or exert direct toxic influence upon developing embryos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDefensive roles for secondary metabolites from marine sponges and sponge-feeding nudibranchs.
Toxicon
June 1994
Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Würzburg, Germany.
In the marine environment sponges (Porifera) constitute one of the most interesting sources of bioactive natural products. The high frequency of bioactive components in these primitive filter-feeders is interpreted as chemical defence of sponges against environmental stress factors such as predation, overgrowth by fouling organisms or competition for space. The highest incidence of toxic or deterrent sponge metabolites is consequently found in habitats such as coral reefs that are characterized by intense competition and feeding pressure due, for example, to carnivorous fish.
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