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History of Surgery for Mitral Stenosis: John Mayow to Charles Bailey.
Ann Thorac Surg
June 2022
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California. Electronic address:
Mitral stenosis was first described in 1674 by Englishman John Mayow, but surgical intervention for mitral stenosis was proposed over 2 centuries later in 1898. Mitral valve surgery was undertaken in the 1920s with varying success; after 2 decades of staggered progress, mitral valvuloplasty and commissurotomy would be rediscovered by Americans Horace Smithy, Charles Bailey, and Dwight Harken. The evolution of open surgery for mitral stenosis suggests the troubled triumph of humanity over disease while also underlining surgeons' inability to successfully disseminate their pioneering ideas to a community critical of innovation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[The Road to Discovery of the Pulmonary Gas Exchange - From the "Phlogiston-" to the "Oxygen Theory"].
Pneumologie
April 2022
Medizinische Zellbiologie, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg.
The discovery of oxygen and pulmonary gas exchange was a major advancement in our understanding of breathing. For centuries it was believed that the lungs were primarily necessary to cool the heart or to "refine" the blood. Richard Lower (1631-1691) observed that the blood had a different colour before and after passage through the lung.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCollaborative Overview of coronaVIrus impact on ORTHopaedic training in the UK (COVI - ORTH UK).
Surgeon
December 2021
Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Leighton Hospital, Middlewich Road, Crewe, CW1 4QJ, UK. Electronic address:
Introduction: COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on the 11th of March 2020 with the NHS deferring all non-urgent activity from the 15th of April 2020. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Trauma and Orthopaedic trainees nationally.
Methods: Trauma and Orthopaedic (T&O) specialty trainees nationally were asked to complete an electronic survey specifically on the impact of COVID-19 on their training.
Oxygen Was Almost Named Nitrogen.
J Anesth Hist
June 2020
Boston Medical Library, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115.
In his Tractatus Quinque Medico-Physici of 1674, John Mayow wrote that a fifth of atmospheric air is comprised of nitro-aerial spirit. That so-called spirit participates in both respiration and combustion. The etymology of "nitro-aerial spirit" stems from a mineral long called niter and now specified as potassium nitrate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEight sages over five centuries share oxygen's discovery.
Adv Physiol Educ
September 2016
Professor Emeritus of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California
During the last century, historians have discovered that between the 13th and 18th centuries, at least six sages discovered that the air we breathe contains something that we need and use. Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288) in Cairo and Michael Servetus (1511-1553) in France accurately described the pulmonary circulation and its effect on blood color. Michael Sendivogius (1566-1636) in Poland called a part of air "the food of life" and identified it as the gas made by heating saltpetre.
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