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The deep sea, defined as ocean depths below 200 m, encompasses vast and largely unexplored habitats, such as abyssal plains, hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and ocean trenches. This environment supports a remarkable diversity of life forms adapted to extreme conditions, including high pressure, low temperatures, and complete darkness. The Collection highlights the importance of these ecosystems and the unique adaptations of the organisms inhabiting these extreme environments, ranging from invertebrates like corals and sponges to diverse microbial communities.

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Unlabelled: Dinitrogen (N) fixation is a crucial source of bioavailable nitrogen in carbon-dominated cold seep systems. Previous studies have shown that diazotrophy is not necessarily dependent on sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane for energy, and diverse catabolism can fuel the high-energy-demanding process in sediments. However, it remains unclear whether diazotroph can obtain energy by sulfur oxidation in sulfur-rich cold seep water column.

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Unlabelled: Nitrogen (N)-fixing organisms, also known as diazotrophs, play a crucial role in N-limited ecosystems by controlling the production of bioavailable N. The carbon-dominated cold-seep ecosystems are inherently N-limited, making them hotspots of N fixation. However, the knowledge of diazotrophs in cold-seep ecosystems is limited compared to other marine ecosystems.

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Metabolic adaptations underpin high productivity rates in relict subsurface water.

Sci Rep

August 2024

Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.

Groundwater aquifers are ecological hotspots with diverse microbes essential for biogeochemical cycles. Their ecophysiology has seldom been studied on a basin scale. In particular, our knowledge of chemosynthesis in the deep aquifers where temperatures reach 60 °C, is limited.

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We describe the genome of an Eremiobacterota population from tundra soil that contains the minimal set of nif genes needed to fix atmospheric N. This putative diazotroph population, which we name Candidatus Lamibacter sapmiensis, links for the first time Eremiobacterota and N fixation. The integrity of the genome and its nif genes are well supported by both environmental and taxonomic signals.

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