We used site-directed mutagenesis to determine the minimum number of PDGF B residues needed to convert PDGF A to a potently transforming PDGF B-like molecule. Substitution of two PDGF B subdomains, 106-115 and 135-144, were found to be critical. These substitutions were sufficient to broaden the ability of PDGF A to activate beta as well as alpha platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors and increase its transforming efficiency to that of PDGF B. Within subdomain I, either PDGF B residues Arg-109 and Asn-115 or Arg-109, Leu-110, and Arg-113, in combination with subdomain II PDGF B residues Asn-136, Arg-137, and Arg-142 were identified as being essential. Those mutants with transforming ability comparable with PDGF B showed significantly lower efficiencies of beta receptor triggering. Thus, our studies identify a small number of PDGF B amino acids indispensable for beta PDGF receptor interaction and suggest that a low level of beta PDGF receptor activation is sufficient to dramatically increase PDGF transforming efficiency in NIH 3T3 cells.
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