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Physiological Fatty Acid-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Redox Signaling Lipotoxicity.
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Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Type 2 diabetes as a world-wide epidemic is characterized by the insulin resistance concomitant to a gradual impairment of β-cell mass and function (prominently declining insulin secretion) with dysregulated fatty acids (FAs) and lipids, all involved in multiple pathological development. Recently, redox signaling was recognized to be essential for insulin secretion stimulated with glucose (GSIS), branched-chain keto-acids, and FAs. FA-stimulated insulin secretion (FASIS) is a normal physiological event upon postprandial incoming chylomicrons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom Genetic Findings to new Intestinal Molecular Targets in Lipid Metabolism.
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Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.
Purpose Of Review: While lipid-lowering therapies demonstrate efficacy, many patients still contend with significant residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). The intestine plays a pivotal role in regulating circulating lipoproteins levels, thereby exerting influence on ASCVD pathogenesis. This review underscores recent genetic findings from the last six years that delineate new biological pathways and actors in the intestine which regulate lipid-related ASCVD risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of age and diet on triglyceride metabolism in mice.
J Lipid Res
November 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. Electronic address:
Both age and diet can contribute to alterations in triglyceride metabolism and subsequent metabolic disease. In humans, plasma triglyceride levels increase with age. Diets high in saturated fats can increase triglyceride levels while diets high in omega-3 fatty acids decrease triglyceride levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInducible global knockout of surfeit locus protein 4 in adult mice results in hypolipidemia, intestinal lipid accumulation, liver injury, and increased mortality.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address:
Surfeit locus protein 4 (SURF4) acts as a cargo receptor to mediate endoplasmic reticulum export of various cargos. We have shown that SURF4 is essential for secretion of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein and intestinal chylomicron. Knockdown of hepatic Surf4 also significantly reduces the development of atherosclerosis and liver fibrosis without causing overt liver damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative Evaluation of Lipid Profile, C-Reactive Protein and Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Dogs with Inflammatory Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Healthy Dogs.
Animals (Basel)
October 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how chronic inflammation affects the metabolism of lipoproteins and serum lipid levels in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (iPLE), comparing them to healthy dogs.
- - Results show that dogs with iPLE have lower levels of certain lipids and proteins, while having higher levels of triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) than healthy dogs.
- - No significant correlations were found between the lipid profiles and disease activity, but some lipoproteins did correlate with CRP and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, indicating potential links between inflammation and lipid metabolism.
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