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Unlabelled: Periodontitis (PD) is a polymicrobial dysbiotic immuno-inflammatory disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are present on gingival epithelial cells and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on pathogenic bacteria, induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and initiate innate and adaptive antigen-specific immune responses to eradicate the invading microbes. Since PD is a chronic inflammatory disease, TLR2/TLR4 plays a vital role in disease pathogenesis and maintaining the periodontium during health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRacial differences in real-world outcomes of first-line therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma.
Oncologist
December 2024
Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08648, United States.
Background: Given the historical underrepresentation of racial minorities in clinical trials, little is known about racial differences in outcomes of first-line therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). This study described patient characteristics and clinical outcomes of first-line therapies for aRCC, including nivolumab + ipilimumab, pembrolizumab + axitinib, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, by race in the real-world setting.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical chart review of patients with intermediate/poor-risk clear-cell aRCC.
Pharmacy-based preventive services for opioid use disorder: a survey of U.S. pharmacists.
Addict Sci Clin Pract
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Background: Pharmacists play a key role in combating the opioid-related overdose epidemic in the United States (US), but little is known about their experience and willingness to deliver preventive services for opioid use disorder (OUD).
Aims: This study seeks to identify correlates of pharmacists' concerns about drug use problems (prescription drug misuse/use disorder and illicit drug use/use disorder) as well as their practice experience delivering preventive services for OUD (e.g.
Follow up of infants with skull fractures by neurosurgeons due to the risk of growing fractures; is it needed?
Br J Neurosurg
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales.
Introduction: Growing skull fractures are a rare complication of paediatric skull fractures. Despite its rarity, a large proportion of resources go towards detecting this complication. This study aims to identify the factors associated with growing skull fracture development to determine which children require follow-up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacy-based methadone treatment in the US: views of pharmacists and opioid treatment program staff.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy
September 2023
Friends Research Institute, Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: The US federal regulations allow pharmacy administration and dispensing of methadone for opioid use disorder (PADMOUD) to increase the capability of opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in providing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) as part of a medication unit. However, there is a lack of research data from both pharmacy and OTP staff to inform the implementation of PADMOUD.
Methods: Staff of a pharmacy (n = 8) and an OTP (n = 9) that participated in the first completed US trial on PADMOUD through electronic prescribing for methadone (parent study) were recruited to participate in this qualitative interview study to explore implementation-related factors for PADMOUD.
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