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Hyperactivity in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: An Invisible Killer for Anxiety and/or Depression in Coronary Artherosclerotic Heart Disease.
J Integr Neurosci
December 2024
First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046 Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
Article Synopsis
- The coexistence of anxiety or depression with coronary heart disease (CHD) presents significant challenges in treatment strategies within cardiovascular medicine.
- Recent research highlights the HPA axis as a potential key player in understanding treatment options for individuals with both CHD and anxiety or depression, focusing on its role in regulating inflammation and cellular health.
- The review emphasizes the HPA axis's importance in the cardiovascular and nervous systems and its potential as a therapeutic biomarker for managing patients with comorbid conditions.
MicroRNA Expression Profile Is Altered by Short-Term and Chronic Lithium Treatment in a Rat Model of Depression.
J Mol Neurosci
December 2024
Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Depression is a common disease that affects 3.8% of the global population. Despite various antidepressant treatments, one-third of patients do not respond to antidepressants, therefore augmentation with mood stabilizers such as lithium may be required in this group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrine adaptations to demanding physiological states in ruminants.
J Dairy Sci
December 2024
Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
Article Synopsis
- Highly productive ruminants adapt hormonally to optimize nutrient use during pregnancy and lactation, with glucose being a key energy source for both the fetus and milk production.
- Endocrine mechanisms, like insulin resistance, help direct glucose to the placenta and mammary glands, highlighting the role of growth hormone and new signals from adipose tissue in this regulation.
- Recent research has focused on signals like fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and leptin, which play crucial roles in insulin modulation and energy distribution among tissues, particularly during early lactation in dairy cows and late pregnancy in sheep.
The background sodium leak channel NALCN is a major controlling factor in pituitary cell excitability.
J Physiol
December 2024
University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Labs, Exeter, Devon, UK.
The pituitary gland produces and secretes a variety of hormones that are essential to life, such as for the regulation of growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and the stress response. This is achieved through an intricate signalling interplay between the brain and peripheral feedback signals that shape pituitary cell excitability by regulating the ion channel properties of these cells. In addition, endocrine anterior pituitary cells spontaneously fire action potentials to regulate the intracellular calcium ([Ca]) level, an essential signalling conduit for hormonal secretion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluoxetine treatment reverses chronic stress-induced promotion on Fk506-binding protein 5 expression and multiple effects on glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in the paraventricular nucleus of mice.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
January 2025
Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:
Background: Fluoxetine is widely used as a first-line antidepressant. However, the molecular mechanisms for its antidepressant effects are still not fully understood. Hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a core pathogenic mechanism contributing to depression, and fluoxetine treatment prevents this dysfunction.
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