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Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in anti-inflammatory therapy: mechanistic insights and future perspectives.
Front Neurosci
November 2024
Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) represents a transformative approach for managing a broad spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This comprehensive review delineates the mechanisms underlying VNS, emphasizing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and explores interactions within the neuro-immune and vagus-gut axes based on both clinical outcomes and pre-clinical models. Clinical applications have confirmed the efficacy of VNS in managing specific autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, showcasing the variability in stimulation parameters and patient responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: With the advent of disease-modifying therapies, accurate assessment of biomarkers indicating the presence of disease-associated amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology becomes crucial in patients with clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid (Aβ CSF) and Aβ levels in positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) biomarkers in a real-world memory-clinic setting to develop an efficient algorithm for clinical use.
Methods: Patients were evaluated for AD-related Aβ pathology from two independent cohorts (Ludwig Maximilian University [LMU], = 402, and Medical University of Vienna [MUV], = 144).
Barriers to Publishing Scholarship: A Study on Neurology Physician Residents and Fellows.
Cureus
October 2024
Emergency Medicine, New York University, New York, USA.
Background Scholarly activity by trainees is required for US-accredited graduate medical education (GME) programs. Several factors, including financial barriers to open access (OA) journals, may impact trainees' successful completion of scholarly activity, but little is known to what extent, particularly for neurology trainees. Method The authors implemented a cross-sectional, web-based 17-item survey of US-accredited neurology residency and fellowship programs during the 2022-2023 academic year.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrognostic significance of serum inflammatory markers in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing revascularization therapy.
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc
December 2024
Department of Renal Medical, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- - The study analyzed 94 patients with acute ischemic stroke to determine how serum inflammatory factors, specifically IL-6 and TNF-α, impact prognosis after revascularization therapy.
- - Patients were divided into good (mRS ≤ 2) and poor (mRS > 2) prognosis groups, with those in the good prognosis group showing lower levels of inflammatory markers and better clinical scores at admission.
- - The findings suggest IL-6 and TNF-α could be useful indicators for predicting recovery outcomes in stroke patients post-treatment, indicating that those with higher levels may have worse prognoses.
Deep-learning models reveal how context and listener attention shape electrophysiological correlates of speech-to-language transformation.
PLoS Comput Biol
November 2024
Department of Neuroscience and Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
To transform continuous speech into words, the human brain must resolve variability across utterances in intonation, speech rate, volume, accents and so on. A promising approach to explaining this process has been to model electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings of brain responses to speech. Contemporary models typically invoke context invariant speech categories (e.
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