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Litter quality modulates changes in bacterial and fungal communities during the gut transit of earthworm species of different ecological groups.
ISME Commun
January 2025
J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Earthworms are keystone animals stimulating litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. However, earthworms comprise diverse species which live in different soil layers and consume different types of food. Microorganisms in the gut of earthworms are likely to contribute significantly to their ability to digest organic matter, but this may vary among earthworm species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA novel small RNA regulates Locus of Enterocyte Effacement and site-specific colonization of enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 in gut.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
January 2025
College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) is a contagious foodborne pathogen that specifically colonizes the human large intestine, which is regulated by different environmental stimuli within the gut. Transcriptional regulation of EHEC virulence and infection has been extensively studied, while the posttranscriptional regulation of these processes by small RNAs (sRNAs) remains not fully understood. Here we present a virulence-regulating pathway in EHEC O157:H7, in which the sRNA EvrS binds to and destabilizes the mRNA of Z2269, a novel transcriptional regulator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute stress triggers sex-dependent rapid alterations in the human small intestine microbiota composition.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
Background/aims: Digestive disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are very common, predominant in females, and usually associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, dysbiosis, and stress. We previously found that females have increased susceptibility to intestinal barrier dysfunction in response to acute stress. However, whether this is associated with changes in the small bowel microbiota remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of commercial gut health interventions on caecal metagenome and broiler performance.
Microbiome
January 2025
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Background: Maintaining gut health is a persistent and unresolved challenge in the poultry industry. Given the critical role of gut health in chicken performance and welfare, there is a pressing need to identify effective gut health intervention (GHI) strategies to ensure optimal outcomes in poultry farming. In this study, across three broiler production cycles, we compared the metagenomes and performance of broilers provided with ionophores (as the control group) against birds subjected to five different GHI combinations involving vaccination, probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils, and reduction of ionophore use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProbiotic-based adsorbent mitigates aflatoxin B1 toxicity in Piaractus mesopotamicus: assessing well-being via changes in tissue architecture and digestive enzyme activity.
Vet Res Commun
January 2025
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS, Brasil.
Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that is present in various foods. Probiotics are well-established products in aquaculture, and due to their effective contribution to the intestine, they can be used as an aflatoxin adsorbent. This study evaluated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on enzymatic activity and intestinal function in Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu) fingerlings fed diets containing a probiotic-based adsorbent (PBA).
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