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Human motivation is organized hierarchically, from proximal (means) to ultimate (ends).
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris,
Murayama and Jach raise a key problem in behavioral sciences, to which we suggest evolutionary science can provide a solution. We emphasize the role of adaptive mechanisms in shaping behavior and argue for the integration of hierarchical theories of goal-directed cognition and behavioral flexibility, in order to unravel the motivations behind actions that, in themselves, seem disconnected from adaptive goals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAddressing Barriers to Racial Health Disparity Policy Change Advocacy: Exploring White Defensiveness Strategies.
Health Promot Pract
January 2025
The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Efforts to effect racial health disparity (RHD) policy change are urgent, necessary, and subject to a key barrier: defensiveness among White privileged audiences. Within the literature to date, such defensiveness is under-investigated, and when examined, is typically conceived of as an individual cognitive outcome-a message effect-rather than a communication interaction. Yet policy change advocacy efforts, ranging from community organizing to change campaigns, necessitate communication interactions between advocates and privileged policy change audiences, such as neighborhood groups or policymakers themselves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrganosulfur Compounds in Garlic for Gastric Cancer Treatment: Anticancer Effects, Overcoming Drug Resistance, and Mechanisms.
Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov
January 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.
Garlic has been consumed globally as a functional food and traditional medicine for various ailments. Its active organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have demonstrated significant anticancer properties, particularly against gastric cancer. However, a comprehensive review of these effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms, including their role in overcoming drug resistance, is currently lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDefer, Share, or Drive the Decision: Empowering Patients with Varied Preferences to Engage in Decision-making (an Analysis from Alliance A231701CD).
Ann Surg
January 2025
Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Objective: To understand how breast cancer patients experience the surgical decision process and identify strategies surgeons can employ to empower patients to engage in decision-making.
Background: Patient engagement in decision-making is associated with improved patient outcomes. Although, some patients prefer that their healthcare provider drive the decision, the benefits of engaging in decision-making hold true even for patients who prefer to defer to their provider.
The Potential Impacts of Single-use Plastic During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep
January 2025
Department of Clinical Research, Northern Light Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, ME, USA.
Objectives: Plastics in the environment have moved from an "eye-sore" to a public health threat. Hospitals are one of the biggest users of single-use plastics, and there is growing literature looking at not only plastics in the environment but health care's overall contribution to its growth.
Methods: This study was a retrospective review at a 411-bed level II trauma hospital over 47 months pre and post the last wave of COVID-19 affecting this hospital.
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