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Globally, drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is responsible for 13% of mortality attributable to antimicrobial resistance. In Ethiopia, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a significant public health challenge, and drug resistance (DR) in EPTB is often overlooked. In a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2022 and October 2023, we aimed to explore the magnitude of phenotypic drug resistance and identify genetic mutations linked to resistance using 189 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates cultured from extrapulmonary clinical specimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Crosstalk between autophagy, host cell death, and inflammatory host responses to bacterial pathogens enables effective innate immune responses that limit bacterial growth while minimizing coincidental host damage. ( ) thwarts innate immune defense mechanisms in alveolar macrophages (AMs) during the initial stages of infection and in recruited bone marrow-derived cells during later stages of infection. However, how protective inflammatory responses are achieved during infection and the variation of the response in different macrophage subtypes remain obscure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Mycobacterial cell envelopes are rich in unusual lipids and glycans that play key roles during infection and vaccination. The most abundant envelope glycolipid is trehalose dimycolate (TDM). TDM compromises the host response to mycobacterial species via multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of phagosome maturation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPyrazinamide (PZA) is a critical component of tuberculosis first-line therapy due to its ability to kill both growing and non-replicating drug-tolerant populations of within the host. Recent evidence indicates that PZA acts through disruption of coenzyme A synthesis under conditions that promote cellular stress. In contrast to its bactericidal action , PZA shows weak bacteriostatic activity against in axenic culture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancing cell-mediated immunity through dendritic cell activation: the role of Tri-GalNAc-modified PLGA-PEG nanoparticles encapsulating SR717.
Front Immunol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Introduction: Vaccines against intracellular pathogens like require the induction of effective cell-mediated immunity. Adjuvants primarily enhance antigen-induced adaptive immunity by promoting the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs).This study is to develop an adjuvant targeted to dendritic cells (DCs), one of the main APCs, so as to assist in inducing a long-term cellular immune response to protein antigens.
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