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Importance: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer were rare among non-western populations with traditional diets and lifestyles. As populations transitioned toward industrialized diets and lifestyles, NCDs developed.

Objective: We performed a systematic literature review to examine the effects of diet and lifestyle transitions on NCDs.

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Background And Aims: Nutrition is an integral part of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment, but the optimal macronutrient composition is still debated and previous studies have not addressed the role of ethnicity in dietary response. The current study aims were to compare the effect of short-term glycemic response to low-carbohydrate high-fat (LC-HF) diet vs. high-carbohydrate low-fat (HC-LF) diet using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and to evaluate the response of individuals with T2DM of Yemenite (Y-DM) and non-Yemenite origin (NY-DM).

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Ethnic Variation in the Association of Hypertension With Type 2 Diabetes.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)

February 2017

Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Hebrew University Medical School of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

Lifestyle changes occurring with urbanization increase the prevalence of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN). Yemenites who have immigrated to Israel have demonstrated a dramatic increase in T2DM but the prevalence of HTN in diabetic Yemenites is unclear. In a cross-sectional study, the authors evaluated the prevalence of HTN and lifestyle patterns in Israelis with T2DM of Yemenite (Y-DM) and non-Yemenite (NY-DM) origin.

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Early beta-cell dysfunction characterizes males with type 2 diabetes of Yemenite origin.

Acta Diabetol

August 2016

Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Hebrew University Medical School of Jerusalem, Bilu street 1, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.

Aims: The aim of the current study was to characterize β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and line of inheritance in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes of Yemenite and non-Yemenite Jewish origin.

Methods: A cohort study including 121 GAD negative diabetic patients, 59 of Yemenite and 62 of non-Yemenite origin, treated by diet ± oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy who underwent 180-min meal tolerance test (MMT). Based on MMT, indexes of insulin resistance and secretion were calculated.

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OBJECTIVE We examined the predictive value of hyperinsulinemia in the basal state on the 24-year progression from normoglycemia to dysglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of 515 normoglycemic men and women were studied again after 24 years for glycemic status. RESULTS Half of the participants developed dysglycemia: 11.

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