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Formulation Factors Affecting the Formation of Visible-Bubbles During the Reconstitution Process of Freeze-Dried Etanercept Formulations: Protein Concentration, Stabilizers, and Surfactants.
AAPS J
January 2025
Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Freeze drying is one of the common methods to extend the long-term stability of biologicals. Biological products in solid form have the advantages of convenient transportation and stable long-term storage. However, long reconstitution time and extensive visible bubbles are frequently generated during the reconstitution process for many freeze-dried protein formulations, which can potentially affect the management efficiency of staff, patient compliance, and product quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Clinical characteristics and pharmacological treatment of patients with heart failure in a primary health care cohort].
Aten Primaria
January 2025
Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, España; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, España; Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España.
Objective: To characterise patients with heart failure (HF) in Primary Health Care (PHC) and describe their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and pharmacological treatment.
Design: Descriptive cohort study. SITE: Information System for the Development of Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP), which captures information from the electronic health records of PHC of the Catalan Institute of Health (approximately 80% of the Catalan population).
A Rare Case of Erythromycin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis.
Cureus
December 2024
Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, USA.
Rhabdomyolysis (RML) arises from the breakdown of muscle tissue, leading to the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream and potentially causing multi-organ failure. Multiple drugs have been reported to cause RML. We present here a rare instance of erythromycin-triggered RML in a patient who was not on any other potential RML-inducing medications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring Neurohormonal Modulation by Acetazolamide in Heart Failure.
Cureus
December 2024
Gastroenterolgy, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, PAK.
Background Heart failure (HF) is commonly managed by addressing water and sodium (Na) balance, with arterial circulation playing a major role in influencing renal Na and water excretion. Recently, chloride (Cl) has been recognized as an important factor in HF, associated with volume regulation and its modulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity through macula densa signaling, which impacts Na retention and neurohormonal activation. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can enhance decongestion in HF by increasing urinary Na and Cl excretion when added to loop diuretics, a mechanism supported by prior studies demonstrating improved urine output and decongestion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of Acetazolamide in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Cureus
December 2024
Nephrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of acetazolamide as an adjunctive diuretic therapy in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, identifying seven studies (five randomized controlled trials and two observational studies) that met the eligibility criteria. The analysis revealed that acetazolamide significantly enhanced mean natriuresis (mean differences (MD) 52.
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