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Outcomes of a pilot randomized clinical trial testing brief interventions to increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among rural people who inject drugs attending syringe services programs.
Ther Adv Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Background: Kentucky is one of seven states with high, sustained rural HIV transmission tied to injection drug use. Expanding access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been endorsed as a key HIV prevention strategy; however, uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been negligible in rural areas. Syringe services programs (SSPs) have been implemented throughout Kentucky's Appalachian region, providing an important opportunity to integrate PrEP services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe adaptation process of a safety planning intervention to promote connectedness and reduce distress in Diné adolescents and adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Front Public Health
January 2025
Department of International Health, Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Introduction: Indigenous connectedness is an impetus for health, well-being, self-confidence, cultural preservation, and communal thriving. When this connectedness is disrupted, the beliefs, values, and ways of life that weave Indigenous communities together is threatened. In the Spring of 2020, the COVID-19 virus crept into Tribal Nations across the United States and exacerbated significant health-related and educational inequities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFC-reactive protein testing in primary care and antibiotic use in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Kyrgyzstan: an open-label, individually randomised, controlled trial.
Lancet Reg Health Eur
April 2025
The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Addressing the global antibacterial resistance crisis and aligning with the Kyrgyz Ministry of Health's research priorities, this study assesses the efficacy and safety of C-reactive protein (CRP) testing to guide antibiotic prescriptions in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in Kyrgyzstan.
Methods: In this open label individually randomised controlled trial, children aged 6 months to 12 years with ARTI in primary care settings were assigned to receive either standard care or standard care plus CRP testing. The study measured two primary outcomes: total antibiotic usage over a 14-day follow-up and caregiver-reported time to recovery.
A qualitative process evaluation of SBIRT implementation in pediatric trauma centers using the Science to Service Laboratory implementation strategy.
Implement Sci Commun
January 2025
Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N St Clair Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
Background: Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based practice that can identify adolescents who use alcohol and other drugs and support proper referral to treatment. Despite an American College of Surgeons mandate to deliver SBIRT in pediatric trauma care, trauma centers throughout the United States have faced numerous patient, provider, and organizational level barriers to SBIRT implementation. The Implementing Alcohol Misuse Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Study (IAMSBIRT) aimed to implement SBIRT across 10 pediatric trauma centers using the Science-to-Service Laboratory (SSL), an empirically supported implementation strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMiCML: a causal machine learning cloud platform for the analysis of treatment effects using microbiome profiles.
BioData Min
January 2025
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, The State University of New York, Korea, Incheon, South Korea.
Background: The treatment effects are heterogenous across patients due to the differences in their microbiomes, which in turn implies that we can enhance the treatment effect by manipulating the patient's microbiome profile. Then, the coadministration of microbiome-based dietary supplements/therapeutics along with the primary treatment has been the subject of intensive investigation. However, for this, we first need to comprehend which microbes help (or prevent) the treatment to cure the patient's disease.
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