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Enzymatic kinetic resolution of desmethylphosphinothricin indicates that phosphinic group is a bioisostere of carboxyl group.
Commun Chem
September 2020
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St., 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase (EcGadB), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, is highly specific for L-glutamate and was demonstrated to be effectively immobilised for the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), its decarboxylation product. Herein we show that EcGadB quantitatively decarboxylates the L-isomer of D,L-2-amino-4-(hydroxyphosphinyl)butyric acid (D,L-Glu-γ-P), a phosphinic analogue of glutamate containing C-P-H bonds. This yields 3-aminopropylphosphinic acid (GABA-P), a known GABA receptor agonist and provides previously unknown D-Glu-γ-P, allowing us to demonstrate that L-Glu-γ-P, but not D-Glu-γ-P, is responsible for D,L-Glu-γ-P antibacterial activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient bioconversion of L-glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid by Lactobacillus brevis resting cells.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol
May 2017
Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
This work investigated the efficient bioconversion process of L-glutamate to GABA by Lactobacillus brevis TCCC 13007 resting cells. The optimal bioconversion system was composed of 50 g/L 48 h cultivated wet resting cells, 0.1 mM pyridoxal phosphate in glutamate-containing 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCentral Role of Glutamate Metabolism in the Maintenance of Nitrogen Homeostasis in Normal and Hyperammonemic Brain.
Biomolecules
March 2016
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
Glutamate is present in the brain at an average concentration-typically 10-12 mM-far in excess of those of other amino acids. In glutamate-containing vesicles in the brain, the concentration of glutamate may even exceed 100 mM. Yet because glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, the concentration of this amino acid in the cerebral extracellular fluid must be kept low-typically µM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMotor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors.
Neuropharmacology
December 2013
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Spain. Electronic address:
The broad presence of CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia, mainly in GABA- or glutamate-containing neurons, as well as the presence of TRPV1 receptors in dopaminergic neurons and the identification of CB2 receptors in some neuronal subpopulations within the basal ganglia, explain the powerful motor effects exerted by those cannabinoids that can activate/block these receptors. By contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with a broad therapeutic profile, is generally presented as an example of a cannabinoid compound with no motor effects due to its poor affinity for the CB1 and the CB2 receptor, despite its activity at the TRPV1 receptor. However, recent evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor to produce some of its beneficial effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural systems mediating seasonal breeding in the ewe.
J Neuroendocrinol
July 2010
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Seasonal reproduction in ewes is caused by a dramatic increase in response to oestradiol (E(2)) negative feedback during the nonbreeding (anoestrous) season. Considerable evidence supports the hypothesis that A15 dopaminergic neurones in the retrochiasmatic area (RCh) play a key role in these seasonal changes. These A15 neurones are stimulated by E(2) and inhibit gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in anoestrus, but not the breeding season.
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