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Introduction: Retrograde ejaculation (RE) consists of the reflux backwards, towards the bladder, of the ejaculate, during the emission phase of ejaculation, causing a total or partial absence of sperm emission, with the consequent diversion of semen into the bladder during the emission phase of ejaculation. Evaluating the ejaculate may not be sufficient for identifying RE in some patients. Hence, the management of infertility may involve the use of invasive methods such as epididymal fluid retrieval or testicular biopsy.

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Background: The outcomes of varicocele repair (VR) for severe oligozooasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) have not been widely examined.

Methods: Assessment of outcomes of VR after severe OAT, employing scoping review of published guidelines, and systematic review of literature. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale appraised the quality of included studies.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of age on semen and hormonal parameters following microsurgical varicocelectomy among patients with grade 3 varicocele, and to compare fertility outcomes between younger (<40 years) and older (≥40 years) men.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of infertile patients with clinical left grade 3 varicocele who underwent microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MV). Patients meeting the inclusion criteria ( = 550) were divided into two groups based on their age at the time of MV: <40 ( = 441) and ≥40 years ( = 109).

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The influence of seminal microbiota on human testicular steroidogenesis: a prospective study.

J Assist Reprod Genet

January 2025

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.

Objective: Preclinical evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota composition can influence steroid hormone biosynthesis and spermatogenesis. This study aims to investigate the association of seminal microbiota and testicular steroidogenesis.

Patients And Methods: One hundred adult eugonadal men were consecutively enrolled.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a training program based on educational brochures and audio recordings of testicular cancer (TC) stories on testicular self-examination (TSE) and health beliefs among university students.

Design: The study had a pretest-posttest, control group experimental design.

Sample: This study was conducted with 106 students in Turkey.

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