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Putting the Puzzle Together: Case Report of Parinaud Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient.
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.
Parinaud syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, is a condition affecting the dorsal midbrain region of the brainstem that presents with a triad of ophthalmic clinical findings, including upgaze paresis, convergence retraction nystagmus, and light-near dissociation. This case report will discuss the clinical presentation of Parinaud syndrome in a four-year-old patient who was seen in an out-patient clinic for intermittent exotropia 5 months after a suboccipital craniotomy resection of a pineal mass and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement for associated hydrocephalus. Current literature is relatively sparse regarding the presentation of Parinaud syndrome in the pediatric population, with little known about prognosis and potential for recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of Intracranial Compliance Through Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Waveforms in Hydrocephalus Patients. A Pilot Study.
Turk Neurosurg
January 2025
University of São Paulo, Department of Neurosurgery, SP, Brazil.
Aim: To assess the changes of intracranial pressure waveforms (ICPW) acquired noninvasively in a set of acute hydrocephalus patients prior to and posterior to interventions.
Material And Methods: Patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of hydrocephalus were evaluated for alterations in ICPW by means of a system that detects cranial micro expansions just before and immediately after interventions. The system quantified the difference between ICPW peaks (P1 and P2), providing the P2/P1 ratio.
Venous compression causes chronic cerebral ischaemia in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients.
Fluids Barriers CNS
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
Background: Cerebral autoregulation is a robust regulatory mechanism that stabilizes cerebral blood flow in response to reduced blood pressure, thereby preventing cerebral ischaemia. Scientists have long believed that cerebral autoregulation also stabilizes cerebral blood flow against increases in intracranial pressure, which is another component that determines cerebral perfusion pressure. However, this idea was inconsistent with the complex pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus, which includes components of chronic cerebral ischaemia due to mild increases in intracranial pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-Time 2D Phase-Contrast MRI to Assess Cardiac- and Respiratory-Driven CSF Movement in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.
J Neuroimaging
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Background And Purpose: In idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is typically evaluated with a cardiac-gated two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast (PC) MRI through the cerebral aqueduct. This approach is limited by the evaluation of a single location and does not account for respiration effects on flow. In this study, we quantified the cardiac and respiratory contributions to CSF movement at multiple intracranial locations using a real-time 2D PC-MRI and evaluated the diagnostic value of CSF dynamics biomarkers in classifying iNPH patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe utility of customised tissue probability maps and templates for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a computational anatomy toolbox (CAT12) study.
Fluids Barriers CNS
December 2024
Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan.
Background: Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) is one of the neuroradiological characteristics of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), which makes statistical analyses of brain images difficult. This study aimed to develop and validate methods of accurate brain segmentation and spatial normalisation in patients with DESH by using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12).
Methods: Two hundred ninety-eight iNPH patients with DESH and 25 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent cranial MRI were enrolled in this study.
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