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Exploring Neurohormonal Modulation by Acetazolamide in Heart Failure.
Cureus
December 2024
Gastroenterolgy, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, PAK.
Background Heart failure (HF) is commonly managed by addressing water and sodium (Na) balance, with arterial circulation playing a major role in influencing renal Na and water excretion. Recently, chloride (Cl) has been recognized as an important factor in HF, associated with volume regulation and its modulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity through macula densa signaling, which impacts Na retention and neurohormonal activation. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can enhance decongestion in HF by increasing urinary Na and Cl excretion when added to loop diuretics, a mechanism supported by prior studies demonstrating improved urine output and decongestion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of Acetazolamide in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Cureus
December 2024
Nephrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of acetazolamide as an adjunctive diuretic therapy in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, identifying seven studies (five randomized controlled trials and two observational studies) that met the eligibility criteria. The analysis revealed that acetazolamide significantly enhanced mean natriuresis (mean differences (MD) 52.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDesign, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Aromatic Sulfonamides as Human Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII Inhibitors and Their Antioxidant Activity.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India.
This study is focused on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of some sulfonamide derivatives for their inhibitory effects on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) enzymes I, II, IX, and XII as well as for their antioxidant activity. The purity of the synthesized molecules was confirmed by the HPLC purity analysis and was found in the range of 93%-100%. The inhibition constant (K) against hCA I ranged from 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbonic anhydrase 2-derived drug-responsive domain regulates membrane-bound cytokine expression and function in engineered T cells.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) have shown reduced efficacy against solid tumor malignancies compared to hematologic malignancies, partly due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). ACT efficacy may be enhanced with pleiotropic cytokines that remodel the TME; however, their expression needs to be tightly controlled to avoid systemic toxicities. Here we show T cells can be armored with membrane-bound cytokines with surface expression regulated using drug-responsive domains (DRDs) developed from the 260-amino acid protein human carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntra-individual comparison of long-term outcomes between combined and indirect bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease.
Acta Neurochir (Wien)
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Purpose: Bypass surgery is regarded as the standard treatment option for symptomatic and hemodynamically unstable moyamoya disease (MMD). However, there is ongoing debate about the most effective type of bypass surgery. We aimed to analyze the long-term outcomes of combined and indirect bypasses for MMD patients through intra-individual comparisons.
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