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Sex Differences in the Neuroendocrine Stress Response: A View from a CRH-Reporting Mouse Line.
Int J Mol Sci
November 2024
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Research Network, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons within the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) play a crucial role in initiating the neuroendocrine response to stress and are also pivotal in coordination of autonomic, metabolic, and behavioral stress reactions. Although the role of parvocellular CRH neurons in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is well established, the distribution and function of CRH-expressing neurons across the whole central nervous system are less understood. Stress responses activate complex neural networks, which differ depending on the type of stressor and on the sex of the individual.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe genetic architecture of age at menarche and its causal effects on other traits.
J Hum Genet
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
Age at menarche (AAM) is a sign of puberty of females. It is a heritable trait associated with various adult diseases. However, the genetic mechanism that determines AAM and links it to disease risk is poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPTSD biomarkers: Neuroendocrine signaling to epigenetic variants.
Adv Clin Chem
August 2024
Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by exposure to traumatic events and involves symptom domains such as intrusive thoughts, avoidant behaviors, negative mood, and cognitive dysfunction. The disorder can be chronic and debilitating, and the heterogenous nature and varied presentation of PTSD has afforded difficulty in determining efficacious treatment. The ability to identify biomarkers for PTSD risk, prognosis, or for the purposes of treatment, would be highly valuable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroendocrine contribution to sex-related variations in adverse air pollution health effects.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev
November 2024
Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Air pollution exposure is ranked as a leading environmental risk factor for not only cardiopulmonary diseases but also for systemic health ailments including diabetes, reproductive abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders, likely mediated by central neural stress mechanisms. Current experimental evidence links many air pollution health outcomes with activation of neuroendocrine sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axes associated with resultant increases in adrenal-derived hormone levels acting as circulating mediators of multi-organ stress reactions. Epidemiological and experimental investigations also demonstrated sex-specific responses to air pollutant inhalation, which may be attributed to hormonal interactions within the stress and reproductive axes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model.
PLoS One
July 2024
Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a central disorder characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, insomnia, depression, and other minor symptoms. Knowledge about pathogenesis is lacking, diagnosis difficult, clinical approach puzzling, and patient management disappointing. We conducted a theoretical study based on literature data and computational analysis, aimed at developing a comprehensive model of FM pathogenesis and addressing suitable therapeutic targets.
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