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Serotonin Release Assay: Functional Assay for Heparin- and Vaccine-Induced (Immune) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
Methods Mol Biol
May 2023
Haematology Department, New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
The serotonin release assay (SRA) has been the gold-standard assay for detection of heparin-dependent platelet-activating antibodies and integral for the diagnosis for heparin-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (HIT). In 2021, a thrombotic thrombocytopenic syndrome was reported after adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccination. This vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic syndrome (VITT) proved to be a severe immune platelet activation syndrome manifested by unusual thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, very elevated plasma D-dimer, and a high mortality even with aggressive therapy (anticoagulation and plasma exchange).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThrombotic Complications after COVID-19 Vaccination: Diagnosis and Treatment Options.
Biomedicines
May 2022
Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 08036 Graz, Austria.
Article Synopsis
- COVID-19 vaccines were rapidly developed following the pandemic's onset, with cases of unusual thrombotic complications appearing soon after, particularly with adenoviral vector vaccines like those from AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson.
- These complications, known as vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), involve rare thrombotic events paired with low platelet counts and share similarities with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
- The review focuses on providing an overview of how to diagnose and treat these complications, noting that standard treatment for other thrombotic events may be harmful in these cases.
Treatment of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT).
Semin Hematol
April 2022
Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Center for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Service of Benign Hematology, Department of Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Transfusion Medicine, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a novel prothrombotic disorder characterized by thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation identified in hundreds of recipients of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca), an adenovirus vector coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. VITT resembles heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in that patients have platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies; however, whereas heparin typically enhances platelet activation by HIT antibodies, VITT antibody-induced platelet activation is often inhibited in vitro by pharmacological concentrations of heparin. Further, the thrombotic complications in VITT feature much higher frequencies of atypical thrombosis, most notably cerebral vein thrombosis and splanchnic vein thrombosis, compared with HIT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[The 492nd case: recurrent thrombosis, thrombocytopenia].
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi
February 2022
Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China.
A 43-year-old female patient was admitted with recurrent thrombosis for more than 2 years and thrombocytopenia for more than 1 year. Both arterial and venous thromboses developed especially at rare sites even during anticoagulation therapy such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Antinuclear antibody, anti-ENA antibody and antiphospholipid antibody were all negative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBilateral Thalamic Stroke: A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) or a Coincidence Due to Underlying Risk Factors?
Cureus
October 2021
Family Medicine, Jackson Hospital, Greenville, USA.
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect that has only been observed in adenovirus-based vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). VITT is an immune-mediated condition that generally presents within five to 10 days post-vaccination with thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation abnormalities. A diagnosis of VITT is made clinically and through laboratory testing.
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