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Diphtheria antitoxin treatment: from pioneer to neglected.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
January 2025
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.
Diphtheria, a severe respiratory infection, was a major killer of children until the early years of the 20th century. Although diphtheria is now largely controlled globally thanks to vaccination, it is still endemic in some world regions and large epidemics can occur where vaccination coverage is insufficient. The pathological effects caused by its main virulence factor, diphtheria toxin, can be diminished by passive transfer of antibodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMapping anti-diphtheria toxin antibody: a systematic review and meta-analysis with multi-level meta-regression.
Pathog Glob Health
December 2024
Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Diphtheria is a reemerging vaccine-preventable infection of public health concern. Pooled estimates of serum IgG anti-diphtheria antibody levels can assist in estimating the susceptible population. The objective was to estimate pooled estimate of protective IgG anti-diphtheria antibodies in population globally.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeroprevalence of antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis across various age groups during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period in Chonburi Province, Thailand.
Heliyon
November 2024
Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Background: Limited data exists regarding population immunity against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in Thailand during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. This study aimed to evaluate the age-specific seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid (anti-DT) IgG, anti-tetanus toxoid (anti-TT) IgG, and anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) IgG in individuals across diverse age groups in Chonburi province, Thailand following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Between October 2022 and January 2023, a total of 657 participants from Chonburi Province, Thailand, were included in this study.
Seroprevalence of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antibodies and Tdap vaccination in pregnant women in Greece - A cross- sectional study.
Vaccine
December 2024
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Second Department of Pediatrics, Aglaia Kiriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Article Synopsis
- The study assessed the levels of antibodies against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus in pregnant women at two maternity hospitals in Athens from 2017 to 2019, revealing low seropositivity rates, particularly for diphtheria and pertussis.
- The analysis involved 253 blood samples, showing 57.7% seropositivity for diphtheria, 12.5% for pertussis, and 92.7% for tetanus, with better outcomes seen in older and more educated women.
- Less than 2% of participants reported receiving the recommended Tdap vaccination during pregnancy, indicating a gap in vaccination adherence and suggesting the need for national awareness campaigns to
The Improvement of Adaptive Immune Responses towards COVID-19 Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations in Indonesian Children: Exploring the Roles of Heterologous Immunity.
Vaccines (Basel)
September 2024
Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Article Synopsis
- Routine childhood vaccinations, specifically DTP and CoronaVac, may enhance protection against SARS-CoV-2 by promoting a concept called heterologous immunity.
- A study in Jakarta involving 154 healthy children aged 6-8 found that those fully vaccinated with DTP had significantly higher anti-diphtheria IgG levels and stronger immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 than those without complete vaccination.
- The findings indicate that routine vaccinations in children could not only protect against traditional diseases but also strengthen defenses against new infections like COVID-19.
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